Модель вынужденной адаптации детей с аутизмом к навязываемым ориентирам в детской обучающей среде. Рискованная игра в развивающую башню Дженга ²⁷⁷

Академические требования и социальные ожидания оказывают все большее давление на детей младшего возраста. Недостатки нашей академической системы для решения этих проблем в значительной степени влияют на население в целом, но могут быть еще более вредоносными для детей с аутизмом, которым характерна повышенная частота тревожных, депрессивных расстройств и самоубийств во взрослой жизни. В настоящей работе рассматриваются подобные социальные и экологические требования, предъявляемые к детям с аутизмом при достижении универсальных целей академического обучения, а также современные доказанные данные по оценке рисков, с которыми сталкиваются молодые люди с аутизмом. Теория сенсорной интеграции основана на утверждении, что развитие и функции мозга определяются воздействием окружающей среды на организм и, соответственно, реакциями этого же организма на окружающую среду. Это понятие, являющееся важным принципом детской эрготерапии, вписывается в динамический системный подход к развитию ребенка, где среда, взаимоотношения, нейробиологические и генетические факторы взаимодействуют и самоорганизуются через динамически устойчивые состояния. В статье представлена идея, лежащая в основе предлагаемой модели. Мы рассмотрим эту модель, используя аналогию с игрой «башня Дженга», чтобы обсудить некоторые из опасностей, которые представляет минималистический подход к потребностям ребенка при его обучении и развитии. Наконец, в статье заданы вопросы относительно последствий этих адаптивных реакций с точки зрения теории динамических систем.

Ключевые слова: развитие ребенка, аутизм, маскировка, сенсорная интеграция, теория динамических систем , окружающая среда, обучение

Рубрика: Психолого-педагогическая и медико-социальная помощь

Тип: научная статья

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2019170203

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