Various Problems in the Study of Empathy in the Context of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Article discusses the problems of empathy studies in the context of counseling and psychotherapy. The role and value of empathy in the counseling / psychotherapeutic process is analyzed, as well as mechanisms of the empathic process, the conditions and prerequisites of the successful empathy of a consultant / therapist and its development. The conceptualizations of empathy by K. Rogers and H. Kohut are discussed in detail since in their psychotherapeutic systems empathy plays a key role. Particular attention is paid to the developing approaches to the study of empathy in the context of the psychotherapy effectiveness. The relation between empathy as personality trait / disposition and empathy as a process in counseling / psychotherapy is discussed. The main aspects of the discussions on these issues between representatives of various psychotherapeutic directions are presented. Addressing the problem of empathy development from the educational needs and the consultants / therapists training perspective allows concluding on the necessity to approach empathy as a higher mental function in the studies, and to consider the development of empathy in the learning process as the psycho-technical development.

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