Peculiarities of colaborative activity in older preschoolers with normal and retarded psychophysical development

Non-participant observation was applied to study behavioral habits of senior preschoolers with normal (20 pairs) and retarded development (20 pairs) in collaborative play with a peer or when drawing a picture and constructing a model as per sample. It was revealed that in spontaneously emergent educational environments, children with mental retardation are able to interact only coactively, which implies the following: centration of a child on his/her action program; poor partner orientation; lack of actions rearrangement or interchange, i.e. actual relationships; substantial gap between speech and object-practical components of interaction; prepotency of “And me,…-type dialogues. That is attributed both to cognitive defect and low level of rational programming, control, communication, cooperation, reflexion, and voluntary regulation. Qualitative differences in coactive interaction in children with normal and retarded development are shown. The reasons why productive tasks performing is impossible for children with mental retardation, as well as the causes of emerging conflicts are analyzed.

1. Gavrilushkina O. P. Rechevoe obshenie kak uslovie lichnostnogo razvitija doshkol'nikov s intellektual'noj nedostatochnost'ju // Korrekcionnoe obuchenie kak osnova lichnostnogo razvitija anomal'nyh doshkol'nikov / Pod red. L. P. Noskovoj. M., 1989.
2. Galiguzova L. N. Formirovanie potrebnosti v obshenii so sverstnikami u detej rannego vozrasta // Voprosy psihologii. 1985. № 5.
3. D'jachenko O. M., Lavrent'eva T. V. Psihologicheskoe razvitie doshkol'nikov. M., 1984.
4. Zarechnaja A. A. Analiz konfliktov v gruppe detej starshego doshkol'nogo vozrasta s zaderzhkoj psihicheskogo razvitija v sovmestnoj dejatel'nosti //
   Molodye uchenye – moskovskomu obrazovaniju. M., 2009.
5. Lisina M. I. Obshenie, lichnost' i psihika rebenka. M., 2001.
6. Rubtsov V. V. Organizacija i razvitie sovmestnyh dejstvij u detej v processe obuchenija. M., 1987.
7. Smirnova E. O., Holmogorova V. M. Mezhlichnostnye otnoshenija doshkol'nikov: Diagnostika, problemy, korrekcija. M., 2003.
8. Kolominskij Ja. L. Psihologija vzaimootnoshenij v malyh gruppah (obshie i vozrastnye osobennosti): Ucheb. posobie. Minsk, 2000.
9. Mavrina I. V. Razvitie sotrudnichestva doshkol'nikov v obrazovatel'nom processe. M., 2004.