Personality And Experiencing In The Context Of Experiential Psychotherapy
Vasilyuk F.E., Doctor in Psychology, Professor of the Chair of individual and group psychotherapy, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, pfc@list.ru Karyagina T.D., Senior lecturer at the chair of Individual and Group Psychotherapy, Psychological Counseling faculty, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, kartan18@rambler.ru
In the late nineties an international association was organized, bringing together representatives of the person-centered and experiential approaches, continuing the tradition of C. Rogers and E. Gendlin. The name of the association includes two key categories: personality and experience. In the paper, from the perspective of co-experiencing psychotherapy, the links between these categories are discussed, and options for the relationship between them are analyzed. The contours of the personal character of the experience and the experiential vision of the personality are outlined. In the theory and practice of co-experiencing psychotherapy, such characteristics of experiencing as its active mode, multilevel structure, dialogic way of being, cultural-historical mediation are revealed. This allows us to talk about the relation of the individual to his/her experiencing, about his active participation in the experiencing. Not an experience is doing experiencing, but a person. For psychotherapy, this raises the task of comprehending the criteria of the “desired” attitude of the individual to his experience and the search for methods to help the client to achieve the most productive personal position. The personal nature of co-experiencing as the activity of the psychotherapist is discussed from the point of view of the embodiment of “personal centeredness” in the experiential approach. The paper is written in the genre of theoretical dialogue.
Vasilyuk F.E. Ponimayushchaya psikhoterapiya kak psikhotekhnicheskaya
sistema: dis. … dokt. psikhol. nauk [Coexperiencing psychotherapy as
psychotechnical system. Dr. Sci. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2007. 407 p.
Vasilyuk F.E. Soperezhivanie kak tsentral’naya kategoriya ponimayushchei
psikhoterapii [Сo-experiencing as a key category of co-experiencing
psychotherapy]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya
[Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2016. Vol. 24, no. 5, pp.
205—227. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
Gendlin E. Subverbal’naya kommunikatsiya i ekspressivnost’ terapevta:
tendentsii razvitiya kliento-tsentrirovannoi psikhoterapii [Subverbal
communication and therapist expressivity trends in client-centered therapy with
schizophrenics.] In A.B. Fen’ko, N.S. Ignat’eva, M.Yu. Loktaev (eds.).
Psikhologicheskoe konsul’tirovanie i psikhoterapiya. Khrestomatiya. T.1
Teoriya i metodologiya [Psychological counseling and psychotherapy.
Reading-book. Vol. 1. Theory and methodology]. Moscow: Moskovskii
psikhoterapevticheskii zhurnal, 1999, pp.185—200. (In Russ.).
Gendlin E. Fokusing [Focusing]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2013. 320 p. (In
Russ.).
Gendlin E. Fokusirovanie: Novyi psikhoterapevticheskii metod raboty s
perezhivaniyami [Focusing-oriented psychotherapy: A manual of the experiential
method]. Moscow: Nezavisimaya firma «Klass», 2000. 488 p. (In Russ.).
Karyagina T.D. Ekspiriental’nye podkhody v sovremennoi psikhoterapii
[Experiential approaches in modern psychotherapy]. Konsul’tativnaya
psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [ Counseling Psychology and
Psychotherapy], 2015. Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 126—152. (In Russ., abstr. in
Engl.)
Karyagina T.D. Empatiya kak metod: tochka zreniya gumanisticheskoi
psikhoterapii [Empathy as a method: the modern humanistic psychotherapies’
point of view]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [
Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2016. Vol. 24, no. 5, pp.
178—204. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
Nekrylova N.V. Osnovnye napravleniya sovremennoi klient-tsentrirovannoi
psikhoterapii [The main directions of the modern client-centered
psychotherapy]. Zhurnal prakticheskogo psikhologa [The journal for
applied psychologist], 2012, no. 1, pp. 81—101.
Orlov A.B., Langle A., Shumskii V.B. Ekzistentsial’nyi analiz i
klientotsentrirovannaya psikhoterapiya: skhodstvo i razlichiya [Existential
analysis and client-centered psychotherapy]. Voprosy psikhologii, 2007,
no. 6, pp. 21—31. (In Russ.).
Rogers C. Vzglyad na terapiyu. Stanovlenie cheloveka [On becoming a person:
A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy]. Moscow: Progress-Univers, 1994. 480 p.
(In Russ.).
Rogers C. Empatiya [Empathy]. In Yu.B. Gippenreiter, M.V. Falikman (eds.).
Psikhologiya motivatsii i emotsii [ Psychology of motivation and
emotions: textbook]. Moscow: AST; Astrel, 2009. pp. 413—415. (In
Russ.).
Tolstoi L.N. Yunost’ [Youth]. In L.N. Tolstoi. Sobr. soch. v 22 tt. T. 1.
[Leo Tolstoy. Collected Works: in 22 vol. Vol. 1]. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya
literatura, 1984, pp. 189—339.
Shumskii V.B. Ontologicheskoe i personalisticheskoe napravleniya v
ekzistentsial’noi psikhologii: sravnitel’nyi analiz: avtoref. dis. … kand.
psikhol. nauk. [Ontological and personalistic directions in existential
psychology: A Comparative Analysis. Ph.D. (Psychology) Thesis]. Moscow, 2008.
23 p.
Bohart A.C., Tallman K. Empathy and the active client: an integrative,
cognitive-experiential approach. In A.C. Bohart, L.S. Greenberg (eds.).
Empathy reconsidered.New directions in psychotherapy. Washington,
DC: APA, 1997, pp. 393—415.
Brodly B.T. Client-centered and experiential: two different therapies. In
G. Lietaer, J. Rombauts, R. Balen (eds.). Client-centered and experiential
psychotherapy in the nineties. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1990, pp.
87—108.
Gendlin E.T. Foreword. In C.R. Rogers, D.E. Russell. Carl Rogers: the
quiet revolutionary, an oral history. Roseville, CA: Penmarin Books,
2000.
Gendlin E.T. Experiential psychotherapy. In R. Corsini. Current
psychotherapies. Itasca, IL: Peacock, 1973, pp. 317—352. Kirschenbaum H.
What is “person-centered”? A posthumous conversation with Carl Rogers on the
development of the person-centered approach. Person-Centered and
Experiential Psychotherapies, 2012. Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 14—30.
Kirschenbaum H. What is “person-centered”? A posthumous conversation with
Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person-
Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 2012, Vol. 11, no. 1, pp.
14—30. doi: 10.1080/14779757.2012.656406
Spinelli E. The interpreted world: an introduction to phenomenological
psychology. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. 253 p.
World Association of Person-centered And Experiential Psychotherapies and
Counseling. Retrieved from https://www.pce-world.org (Accessed 1.09.2017).
