Skip to Main Content

Experimental Psychology (Russia)
2020. Vol. 13, no. 4, 52–71
doi:10.17759/exppsy.2020130404
ISSN: 2072-7593 / 2311-7036 (online)

Strategies for Solving Analytical and Holistic Problems

298

V.V. Apanovich, A.G. Tishchenko, K.R. Arutyunova, Y.I. Alexandrov

PDF (ENG)
PDF (RUS)
GS
Information
in Google Scholar

Abstract

Studies of the contribution of institutional identity to the formation of psychological structures suggest that such identity imposes restrictions on the formation of new experience. The aim of this work was to describe strategies for solving analytical and holistic problems that are characteristic for individuals with analytical and holistic types of mentality. Participants (N = 105) were solving analytical (a) and holistic (h) word problems (a-problems: “Knights and Knaves” and “Grid-logic”; h-problems: “Anagrams” and “Moral dilemmas”). The results have shown that “normativity” was the principle characteristic of the problem-solving strategy accounting for the observed differences between individuals with analytical and holistic types of mentality.

General Information

Keywords: institutionality, type of mentality, word problem, problem-solving strategy, normativity

Journal rubric: Cognitive Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130404

Funding. Theoretical and methodological bases of the study were developed with financial support from RFBR, research project No. 18-313-20003 mol_a_ved; data collection and analysis were performed as part of the state assignment FANO No. 0159-2019-0001 “Regularities of systemogenesis and actualization of the previously formed memory in individual and collective behaviour”.

For citation: Apanovich V.V., Tishchenko A.G., Arutyunova K.R., Alexandrov Y.I. Strategies for Solving Analytical and Holistic Problems. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2020. Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 52–71. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2020130404.

References

  1. Aleksandrov YU.I., Kirdina S.G. Tipy mental’nosti i institucional’nye matricy: mul’tidisciplinarnyj podhod // Sociologicheskie issledovaniya. 2012. T. 38, s. 3—12. (In Russ.).
  2. Aleksandrov YU.I., Kirdina S.G. Koevolyuciya institutov i mental’nyh modelej // Uchenye zapiski petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2013, Fevral’, № 1 (In Russ.).
  3. Aleksandrov YU.I., Aleksandrova N.L. Komplementarnost’ kul’turospecifichnyh tipov poznaniya // Teoreticheskie i empiricheskie issledovaniya. Vestn. Mosk. Un-ta. Ser.14. Psihologiya. 2010. № 1. S. 22—35; № 3. S. 18—34 (okonchanie). (In Russ.).
  4. Apanovich V.V., Bezdenezhnyh B.N., Znakov V.V., Sams M., YAaskelajnen I., Aleksandrov YU.I. Razlichiya mozgovogo obespecheniya individual’nogo, kooperativnogo i konkurentnogo povedeniya u sub»ektov s analiticheskim i holisticheskim kognitivnymi stilyami // Eksperimental’naya psihologiya. 2016.T. 9. № 2. S. 5—22. (In Russ.).
  5. Apanovich V.V., Znakov V.V., Aleksandrov YU.I. Aprobaciya shkaly analitichnosti-holistichnosti na rossijskoj vyborke // M.:, Psihologicheskij zhurnal, 2017, tom 38, №5, s. 80—96. (In Russ.).
  6. Apanovich V.V., Tishchenko A.G., Arutyunova K.R., Znakov V.V., Aleksandrov YU.I. Kriterii razlicheniya analiticheskih i holisticheskih zadach // Psihologiya cheloveka kak sub»ekta poznaniya, obshcheniya i deyatel’nosti / Otv. red. V.V. Znakov, A.L. ZHuravlyov. M.: Izd-vo «Institut psihologii RAN», 2018. 2216 s. (In Russ.).
  7. Ata-Muradova F.A. Razvivayushchijsya mozg. Sistemnyj analiz // M.: «Medicina», 1980, 296 s. (In Russ.).
  8. Voroncov N.N. Razvitie evolyucionnyh idej v biologii. M.: Izdat. Otdel UNC DO MGU, Progress,Tradiciya, ABF, 1999. (In Russ.).
  9. Dubinin N.P. Novoe v sovremennoj genetike // M.: «Nauka», 1986. (In Russ.).
  10. Lapteva E.M., Valueva E.A. Rol’ kreativnosti v ispol’zovanii podskazok pri reshenii zadach // Psihologiya. ZHurnal Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki. 2010. T. 7, № 4. S. 97—107. (In Russ.).
  11. Maksimova N.E., Aleksandrov I.O. Fenomen kollektivnogo znaniya: soglasovanie indvidual’nyh kognitivnyh struktur ili formirovanie nadyndividual’noj psihologicheskoj struktury? / Psihologiya cheloveka v sovremennom mire. Otv. red. A.L. ZHuravlev, E.A. Sergienko, V.V. Znakov, I.O. Aleksandrov // M.: Izd-vo «Institut psihologii RAN», 2009. (In Russ.).
  12. Maksimova N.E., Aleksandrov I.O. Obshchnost’ psihologicheskih struktur i mezhindividual’nye otnosheniya v diade // Pyataya mezhdunarodnaya konferenciya po kognitivnoj nauke: Tezisy dokladov: V 2 t. Kaliningrad, 18—24 iyunya 2012 g. Kaliningrad, 2012. T. 2: 416 s. (In Russ.).
  13. Ovchinnikova M.V. Metodika raboty nad tekstovymi zadachami v nachal’nyh klassah (obshchie voprosy): Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie dlya studentov special’nostej «Nachal’noe obuchenie. Doshkol’noe vospitanie». K.: Ped.pressa, 2001. (In Russ.).
  14. Ponomaryov YA.A. Metodologicheskoe vvedenie v psihologiyu. M.: Nauka, 1983. (In Russ.).
  15. Ponomaryov YA.A. Psihologiya tvoreniya // M.: Moskovskij psihologo-social’nyj institut; Voronezh: Izdatel’stvo NPO «MODEK», 1999. 480 s. (Seriya «Psihologi Otechestva»).
  16. Smallian R.M. Kak zhe nazyvaetsya eta kniga? M.: Mir, 1981. (In Russ.).
  17. Tishchenko A.G., Apanovich V.V., Arutyunova K.R. Konstruirovanie blokov analiticheskih i holisticheskih zadach i empiricheskaya proverka ih validnosti // VII Mezhdunarodnaya konferenciya molodyh uchenyh «Psihologiya — nauka budushchego» / Pod red. A.L. ZHuravleva, E.A. Sergienko. M.: Izd-vo «Institut psihologii RAN», 2017. (In Russ.).
  18. Tishchenko A.G., Apanovich V.V. Entropiya teksta i formal’nye pokazateli resheniya kak kriterij vydeleniya analiticheskih i holisticheskih grupp zadach // Vos’maya mezhdunarodnaya konferenciya po kognitivnoj nauke: Tezisy dokladov. Svetlogorsk, 17—21 oktyabrya 2018 g. (In Russ.).
  19. Fridman L.M. Osnovy problemologii // M.: Izdatel’skaya gruppa “URSS”, 2001. (In Russ.).
  20. Hayutin S.N., Dmitrieva L.P. Organizaciya rannego vidospecificheskogo povedeniya // M.: «Nauka», 1991. (In Russ.).
  21. Holodnaya M.A. Fenomen «rasshchepleniya» polyusov kognitivnyh stilej / Sbornik «Intellekt i tvorchestvo», red. Voronin A.N. M.: Izdatel’stvo «Institut psihologii RAN» . (In Russ.).
  22. Shvyrkov V.B. Psihofiziologicheskoe izuchenie struktury sub”ektivnogo otrazheniya // Psihol. zhurn. 1985. T. 6. № 6. S. 22—37. (In Russ.).
  23. Shvyrkov V.B. Vvedenie v ob”ektivnuyu psihologiyu // M.: Izdatel’stvo «Institut psihologii RAN», 1995. (In Russ.).
  24. Alvarez M. Reasons for Action: Justification, Motivation, Explanation // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2017.
  25. Alexandrov Yu.I. On the way towards neuroculturology: From the neuronal specializations through the structure of subjective world to the structure of culture and back again // Proceedings of the International Symposium “Perils and Prospects of the New Brain Sciences”, 2001.
  26. Alexandrov Yu.I., Alexandrov I.O. Specificity of visual and motor cortex neurons activity in behavior. Acta neurobiologia experimentalis. V. 12. 1982. P. 457—468.
  27. Arutyunova K.R., Alexandrov Y.I., Znakov V.V., Hauser M.D. Moral judgments in Russian culture: Universality and cultural specificity // Journal of cognition and culture. 2013. V. 13. No. 3—4. Pp. 255—285.
  28. Browne C.B. Deductive search for logic puzzles // In IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games, 2013.
  29. Claudia Cialone, Thora Tenbrink, Hugo J. Spiers Sculptors, Architects, and Painters Conceive of Depicted Spaces Differently // Cognitive Science (2017) 1—30.
  30. Choi I., Nisbett R., Norenzayan A. Causal Attribution across Cultures: Variation and Universality // Psychological Bulletin 1999, Vol. 125, No. 1, 47—63.
  31. Choi I., Koo M., Choi J. Individual differences in Analytic Versus Holistic Thinking // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2007. V. 33, № 5. P. 691—705.
  32. Evans J. Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment and social cognition // Annual review of psychology. 2008. V. 59. P. 255—278.
  33. Gottlieb G, Vandenberg G. Ontogeny of vocalization in duck and chick embryos // J. Exp. Zool., 1969, Vol. 168, N. 2, P. 307—326
  34. Knoblich G., Ohlsson S. Constraint Relaxation and Chunk Decomposition in Insight Problem Solving // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1999, Vol. 25, No. 6, 1534—1555.
  35. Na J., Grossmann I., Varnum M., Kitayama S., Gonzalez R., Nisbett R. Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences // PNAS. 2010. V. 107. № 14. P. 6192—6197.
  36. Nisbett, R.E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan A. Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review. 2001. 108, 291—310.
  37. Nisbett R.E., Oliveira S. de Culture changes how we think about thinking: From “Human Inference” to “Geography of Thought” // Pers Psychol Sci 12:787—790.
  38. Phillips W.J., Fletcher J.M., Marks A.D.G., Hine D.W. Thinking Styles and Decision Making: A Meta- Analysis // Psychological Bulletin 2016, Vol. 142, No. 3, 260—290
  39. Quesada J., Kintsch W., Gomez E. Complex problem-solving: a field in search of a definition? // Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 6:1, 5—33
  40. Rips L. The psychology of knights and knaves // Cognition, 31 (1989) 85—116
  41. Sebanz N., Bekkering H., Knoblich G. Joint action: bodies and minds moving together // TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.10 No.2 February 2006
  42. Simon H. A., Gilmartin K. A simulation of memory for chess positions. Cognitive Psychology. 1973. V. 5. № 1. P. 29—46.
  43. Stanovich K.E., West R.F. Discrepancies Between Normative and Descriptive Models of Decision Making the Understanding/Acceptance Principle // Cognitive Psychology 38, 349—385 (1999).
  44. Talhem T., Zhang X., Oishi S., Shimin C., Duan D., Lan X., Kitayama S. Large-Scale Psychological Differences within China Explained by Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture // Science. 2014. Vol. 344. P. 603—608.
  45. Voronov, M., Weber, K. 2015. The heart of institutions: Emotional competence and institutional actorhood. Academy of Management Review, 41: 456—478.
  46. Weaver C. A., Kintsch W. Enhancing Students’ Comprehension of the Conceptual Structure of Algebra Word Problems Journal of Educational Psychology 1992, Vol. 84, No. 4, 419—428.

Information About the Authors

Vladimir V. Apanovich, PhD in Psychology, Junior Researcher, V.B. Shvyrkov Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Researcher, Center for Cognitive Research of Individual Experience, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-6049, e-mail: apanovitschvv@yandex.ru

Anton G. Tishchenko, Postgraduate Student, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6289-8202, e-mail: antongtishenko@gmail.com

Karina R. Arutyunova, PhD in Psychology, Associate Researcher, V.B. Shvyrkov Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-5670, e-mail: arutyunova@inbox.ru

Yuri I. Alexandrov, Doctor of Psychology, Head the Laboratory of the Institute of Psychology RAS and Head. the Department of Psychophysiology State University of Humanitarian Sciences, Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Science, Head of Laboratory of Neurocognitive Research of Individual Experience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-3016, e-mail: yuraalexandrov@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 1023
Previous month: 16
Current month: 3

Downloads

Total: 298
Previous month: 9
Current month: 2