|
|
Religion and intergroup conflict: modern studies of religious fundamentalism 574
Khukhlaev O.E.
PhD in Psychology, Professor, Head of the Chair of Ethnopsychology and Psychological Problems in Multicultural Education, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: huhlaevoe@mgppu.ru Аlexandrova E.A.
associate professor at the chair of etnopsychology and psychological problems of multicultural education, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: aleksandrovaae@gmail.com
The article contains an overview of modern approaches to the question of whether beliefs, specifically religious relations, practices or religious groups are the cause of intergroup conflict. The considered key arguments «for» and «against» the decisive role of religion in the intergroup opposition that is related to the religious factor do not allow drawing definite conclusions. Studies show that the role of a key variable in the structure of interreligious hostility - religious fundamentalism – is extremely ambiguous and strongly depends on the characteristics of the situation (for example, the nature of priming with religious texts), and on the cultural context. The specificity of micro and macro levels in a particular situation can lead to both – an increase and a leveling out of the «religion-specific» factor in intergroup opposition.
- Gulevich O.A. Psikhologiya mezhgruppovykh otnoshenii [Psychology of
intergroup relations]. Moscow: Yurait, 2017. 341 p. (In Russ.).
- Malashenko A., Filatova S. Religiya i konflikt [Religion and conflict].
Moscow: Rossiiskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN), 2007. 289 p. (In
Russ.).
- Titov R.S. Kontseptsiya individual'noi religioznosti G. Olporta: ponyatie
religioznykh orientatsii [Gordon Allport: The Concept of Personal Religious
Orientations]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya [Cultural-Historical
Psychology], 2013, no. 1. pp. 2–9. (In Russ.; Abstr. in Engl.).
- Allport G.W., Ross J.M. Personal religious orientation and prejudice.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1967, vol. 5, no. 4,
pp. 432–443. doi:10.1037/h0021212
- Allport, G.W. The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954.
537 p.
- Altemeyer B. The authoritarian spectre. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1996. 384 p.
- Altemeyer B., Hunsberger B. A revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale: The
short and sweet of it. International. Journal for the Psychology of Religion,
2004, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 47–54.
doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1401_4
- Altemeyer B., Hunsberger B. Fundamentalism and authoritarianism. In
Paloutzian R.F., Park C.L. (eds.) Handbook of the psychology of religion and
spirituality. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2005, pp. 378–393.
- Arzheimer K., Carter E. Christian religiosity and voting for West European
radical right parties. West European Politics, 2009, vol. 32, no. 5,
pp. 985–1011. doi:10.1080/01402380903065058
- Batson C.D., Denton D.M., Vollmecke J.T. Quest religion,
anti-fundamentalism, and limited versus universal compassion. Journal for the
Scientific Study of Religion, 2008, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 135–145.
doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00397.x
- Batson C.D., Schoenrade P., Ventis W.L. Religion and the individual: A
social psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 427
p.
- Beller J., Kröger C. Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and Perceived
Threat as Predictors of Muslim Support for Extremist Violence. Psychology of
Religion and Spirituality, 2018, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 345–355.
doi:10.1037/rel0000138
- Blogowska J., Saroglou V. For Better or Worse: Fundamentalists’ Attitudes
Towards Outgroups as a Function of Exposure to Authoritative Religious Texts.
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2013, vol. 23,
no. 2, pp. 103–125. doi:10.1080/87567555.2012.687991
- Blogowska J., Saroglou V. Religious fundamentalism and limited prosociality
as a function of the target. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,
2011, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 44–60.
doi.:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01551.x
- Clobert M., Saroglou V., Hwang K.K. East Asian religious
tolerance versus Western monotheist prejudice: The role of (in)tolerance of
contradiction. Group processes & intergroup relations, 2017, vol. 20,
no. 2, pp. 216–232. doi:10.1177/1368430215603458
- Cook D.B., McDaniel M.G., Doyle-Portillo S.M. Taking religion to
heart: the relationship between the Five Factor Model and the New Indices of
Religious Orientation among religious students. Journal of beliefs &
values-studies in religion & education, 2018, vol. 39, no. 3,
pp. 304–316. doi:10.1080/13617672.2018.1429172
- Donahue M.J. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: Review and
meta-analysis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology.1985,
vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 400–419. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.2.400
- Goplen J., Plant E.A. A Religious Worldview: Protecting One’s Meaning
System Through Religious Prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,
2015, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1474–1487.
doi:10.1177/0146167215599761
- Hall D., Matz D.C., Wood W. Why don’t we practice what we preach? A
meta-analytic review of religious racism. Personality and Social Psychology
Review, 2010, no. 14, pp. 126–139. doi:10.1177/1088868309352179
- Hansen I. G., Norenzayan A. Between yang and yin and heaven and hell:
Untangling the complex relationship between religion and intolerance. In
McNamara P. (ed.) Where God and science meet: How brain and evolutionary
studies alter our understanding of religion. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006,
pp. 187–211
- Hodson G., Dhont K. The person-based nature of prejudice: Individual
difference predictors of intergroup negativity. European Review of Social
Psychology, 2015, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–42.
doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1070018
- Hood R.W., Hill P. C., Spilka B. The psychology of religion: An empirical
approach. 4th ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2009. 636 p.
- McCleary D.F., Quillivan C.C., Foster L.N. Meta-analysis of correlational
relationships between perspectives of truth in religion and major psychological
constructs. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 2011, vol. 3,
no. 3, pp. 163–180. doi:10.1037/a0022208
- Hardy S.A. et al. Moral identity and psychological distance: The case of
adolescent parental socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 2010. Vol. 33,
no. 1, pp. 111–123. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.04.008
- Saroglou V. Believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging: The big four
religious dimensions and cultural variation. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 2011, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1320-1340.
doi:10.1177/0022022111412267
- Saroglou V. Intergroup Conflict, Religious Fundamentalism, and Culture.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016, vol. 47, no. 1,
pp. 33–41.
- Saroglou V., Corneille O., Van Cappellen P. «Speak, Lord, your servant is
listening»: Religious priming activates submissive thoughts and behaviors.
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2009, vol. 19,
no. 3, pp. 143–154. doi:10.1080/10508610902880063
- Stephan, W.G., Ybarra O., Morrison K.R. Intergroup Threat Theory. In Nelson
T.D. (ed.) Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination. New York:
Taylor and Francis Group, 2009, pp. 43–60.
- Van Tongeren D.R. et al.Toward an Understanding of Religious Tolerance:
Quest Religiousness and Positive Attitudes Toward Religiously Dissimilar
Others. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2016,
vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 212–224.
doi:10.1080/10508619.2015.1039417
|
|
