Previous issue (2020. Vol. 16, no. 2)
Included in Web of Science СС (ESCI)
|
|
Historical Suicidology: Investigating Self Immolation of the Old Believers 1219
Pulkin M.V.
PhD in Psychology, старший научный сотрудник института языка, литературы и истории Карельского научного центра РАН, Moscow, Russia
The paper reviews the main stages of suicide preparation and suicidal acts of the Old Believers. Historical discoveries and psychological research outcomes are combined in this investigation in the attempt to understand mass ritual suicide of the Old Believers in the 17th—18th centuries, an essential phenomenon in the church's past. It was mentors (monastic elders) who played a leading role in these self-immolations and possessed all necessary knowledge, including the technology for building special self-immolation constructions ('zgorely dom') as well as military skills necessary for defending these constructions. But even more crucial were their techniques of psychological indoctrination of peasants gathering around the self-immolation constructions. These techniques involved creating an atmosphere of utmost pessimism, restrictions on food, executing various rites. Special units that were sent to stop self-immolation were perceived as the invasion of hostile power (the world of Antichrist) and almost inevitably expedited the tragic end. All this finally prolonged the epidemic of mass self-immolations and led to the emergence of other types of ritual suicide.
Keywords: suicide, eschatology, Old Belief, preaching, isolation
Column: Empirical Research
- Akty, otnosyashiesya do raskola v Sibiri // Dopolneniya k Aktam
istoricheskim, sobrannye i izdannye Arheograficheskoyu komissieyu. SPb., 1862.
T. 8.
- Andreev P. Raskol i ego znachenie v narodnoi russkoi istorii. SPb.,
1870.
- Belikov D.N. Starinnyi raskol v predelah Tomskogokraya. Tomsk,
1905.
- Behterev V.M. Vnushenie i ego rol' v obshestvennoi zhizni. SPb.,
1908.
- Demkova N.S. Iz istorii rannei staroobryadcheskoi literatury.
«Zhalobnica» pomorskih starcev protiv samosozhzhenii (1691 g.) //
Drevnerusskaya knizhnost'. Po materialam Pushkinskogo doma. L., 1985.
- Dobrotvorskii I. O samosozhigatel'stve raskol'nikov //Pravoslavnyi
sobesednik. 1861. T. 1.
- Dyurkgeim E. Samoubiistvo. Sociologicheskii etyud. SPb., 1998.
- Grollman E. Suicid: prevenciya, intervenciya i postvenciya //
Suicidologiya: proshloe i nastoyashee: problema samoubiistva v trudah
filosofov, sociologov, psihoterapevtov I v hudozhestvennyh tekstah. M.,
2001.
- Zen'kovskii S.A. Russkoe staroobryadchestvo: duhovnye dvizheniya
semnadcatogo veka. M., 1995.
- Istoriya Vygovskoi staroobryadcheskoi pustyni. Izdana po rukopisi Ivana
Filippova. SPb., 1862.
- Katayala K. Dymom v Carstvie Nebesnoe: samosozhzheniya staroverov v
Shvedskoi Karelii v konce XVII v. // Vygovskaya pomorskaya pustyn' i ee
znachenie v istorii Rossii: Sb. nauchnyh statei i materialov. SPb., 2003.
- Lebon G. Psihologiya narodov i mass. M., 2011.
- Malinovskii B. Magiya, nauka i religiya. M., 1998.
- Minenko N.A. K izucheniyu semeinoi etiki sibirskogo krest'yanstva
vtoroi poloviny XVIII v. // Krest'yanstvo Sibiri XVIII — nachala XX v.
Novosibirsk, 1975.
- Muhin N. Ocherk psihologii samoubiistva. Varshava, 1903.
- Otpiska oloneckogo voevody knyazya Vasiliya Dolgorukova v Novgorodskii
prikaz ob obnaruzhennom krest'yaninom Konstantinom Gyazhinym pristanisha
raskol'nikov v Berezovom Navoloke Shuezerskogo pogosta // Kareliya v XVII v.:
Sb. dokumentov / Sost. R.B. Myuller. Petrozavodsk, 1948.
- Otrazitel'noe pisanie o novoizobretennom puti samoubiistvennyh smertei:
Vnov' naidennyi staroobryadcheskii traktat protiv samosozhzhenii 1691 g. /
Soobsh. H. Loparev. SPb., 1895.
- Paips R. Rossiya pri starom rezhime. M., 1993.
- Paperno I. Samoubiistvo kak kul'turnyi institut. M., 1999.
- Pokrovskii N.N. Antifeodal'nyi protest uralo-sibirskih krest'yan
staroobryadcev v XVIII v. Novosibirsk, 1979.
- Prokopovich F. Uveshanie ot svyateishego Sinoda ob uklonenii ot
samovol'nogo stradaniya i lisheniya zhizni // Polnoe sobranie postanovlenii i
rasporyazhenii po vedomstvu pravoslavnogo veroispovedaniya Rossiiskoi imperii.
SPb., 1872. T. 2. № 588.
- Pul'kin M.V. Sluhi o samosozhigatelyah: istoki, dostovernost',
fiksaciya i ispol'zovanie (konec XVII—XVIII v.) // Tradicionnaya kul'tura.
2011. № 1.
- Sapozhnikov D.I. Samosozhzheniya v russkom raskole (so vtoroi
poloviny XVII v. do konca XVIII v.). Istoricheskii ocherk po arhivnym
dokumentam. M., 1891.
- Sigele S. Prestupnaya tolpa. Opyt kollektivnoi psihologii. M.,
2011.
- Sikorskii I.A. Epidemicheskiya vol'nyya smerti i smertoubiistva v
Ternovskih hutorah (bliz Torapolya). Psihologicheskoe issledovanie. Kiev,
1897.
- Smirnov P.S. Vnutrennie voprosy v raskole v XVII v. Issledovanie iz
nachal'noi istorii raskola po vnov' otkrytym pamyatnikam, izdannym i
rukopisnym. SPb., 1898.
- Holmogorova A.B., Garanyan N.G., Gorshkova D.A., Mel'nik A.M.
Suicidal'noe povedenie v studencheskoi populyacii // Kul'turno-istoricheskaya
psihologiya. 2009. № 3.
- Carskaya gramota Novgorodskomu mitropolitu Korniliyu o byvshih raskol'nikah
// Akty istoricheskie, sobrannye I izdannye Arheograficheskoyu komissieyu.
SPb., 1842. T. 5.
- Chernyakova I.A. Kareliya na perelome epoh. Ocherki social'noi i
agrarnoi istorii XVII v. Petrozavodsk, 1998.
- Shashkov A.T. Neizvestnaya “gar'” 1685 g. v verhov'yah Kokshen'gi (k
izucheniyu istorii staroobryadcheskih samosozhzhenii konca XVII v.) // Problemy
istorii, russkoi knizhnosti, kul'tury i obshestvennogo soznaniya. Novosibirsk,
2000.
- Shneidman E. Desyat' obshih chert samoubiistv i ih znachenie dlya
psihoterapii // Suicidologiya: proshloe i nas_ toyashee: problema samoubiistva
v trudah filosofov, sociologov, psihoterapevtov i v hudozhestvennyh tekstah.
M., 2001.
- Yavorskii A.A. Fenomen samoubiistva v psihologii lichnosti
(social'no_psihologicheskii i kliniko-psihologicheskii aspekty izucheniya). M.,
2011.
|
|
