|
|
Autoaggressive Non-Suicidal Behavior as the Way of Coping with Negative Emotions 1512
Abramova A.
senior research scientist, The Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: aida-abramova@yandex.ru Enikolopov S.N.
PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Head of the Clinical Psychology Department, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-424X
e-mail: enikolopov@mail.ru Efremov A.G.
PhD in Psychology, Senior Researcher, Department of Medical Psychology, Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Moscow, Russia
e-mail: efremovalexander@mail.ru Kuznetsova S.O.
PhD in Psychology, senior research scientistsenior research scientist, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: kash-kuznezova@yandex.ru
Due to the increasing rhythm and tempo of the contemporary life the feeling of stress and pressure increases as well. Especially one feels it in teen years and youth. To be able to somehow master and contain the inner changes and the pressures from the outside the resulting in feeling of inner pressure and intolerableness of the world the teenagers and youths may resort to smoking, drugs, aggressive and autoaggressive behavior. One can distinguish between suicidal, self-destructive (suicidal equivalents), self-harming types of behavior. Harming oneself may be seen as a method of dealing with negative emotions. The study of the characteristics of emotional regulation and mastering strategies among the teenagers and young people of non-clinical sample included 248 persons (128 young men and 120 young women). The average age 19,4 years. The methods used were as follows. To define the level of behavior with deliberate self-harming we used the Russian version of questionnaire The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to control the presence or absence of suicidal tendencies. And The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded (PANAS-X) was applied to identify separate parameters of emotional states. While the choice of the concrete mastering strategies was assessed with the help of the COPE method. The research showed significant differences in the parameters of negative emotional characteristics between the autoaggressors and the persons who never performed any autoaggressive actions. Moreover the "recent autoaggressors" showed a much higher level of the expressed negative emotions than the "old ones". It was confirmed that autoaggressors use a singular model of evasion where the key aspects of self-harming behavior would be the hightened level of negative emotions. It was found that autoaggressors choose non-adaptive coping strategies more often than the participants of the normative test-group.
-
Ambrumova A.G., Kalashnikova O.E.
Kliniko-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie samoubiistva [Clinical-psychological
study and research of suicide]. Sotsial'naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya
[Social and clinical psychiatry], 1998, no 4, pp. 65–77. (In Russ., abstr.
in Engl.).
-
Kornetov N.A. Depressivnye rasstroistva. Diagnostika,
sistematika, semiotika, terapiya [Depressive disorders.
Diagnostics, systematics, semiotics, therapy]. 2-e ed. Tomsk: Publ.
Sibirskii izdatel'skii dom, 2001. 130 p.
-
Masagutov P.M. Gendernye razlichiya v proyavleniyakh
autoagressii u podrostkov [Gender differences in the manifestations of
autoagression of teenagers]. Voprosy psikhologii [Questions of
psychology], 2003, no 3, pp. 35–42. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
-
Nechiporenko V.V., Litvintsev S.V. Problema samoubiistv v
obshchestve i vooruzhennykh silakh [The problem of suicides in civilian society
and the armed forces]. Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal [Military-medical
journal]. 1997, vol. 317, no. 12, pp. 12–18. (In Russ., abstr. in
Engl.).
-
Ostroglazov B., Lisina M.A. Kliniko-psikhopatologicheskaya
kharakteristika sostoyanii u lits, sovershivshikh suitsidal'nye popytki
[Clinico-psychopathological characteristics of states in persons who have
committed or attempted suicide]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii [Journal
of neurology and psychiatry], 2000, no. 6, pp. 18–20. (In Russ., abstr. in
Engl.).
-
Remshmidt X. Podrostkovyi i yunosheskii vozrast: Problemy
stanovleniya lichnosti [Teenagers and youths: the problems of identity].
Moscow: Publ. Mir, 1994. 320 p. (In Russ.)
-
Fedotov D.D., Chudin A.S., Sarkisov S. A. O
reaktivno-obuslovlennykh suitsidal'nykh popytkakh v detskom, podrostkovom i
yunosheskom vozraste [On reactive suicidal attempts in
childhood, teenagers and youths]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii
[Journal of neuropathology and psychiatry], 1978, no. 10, pp. 1559–1563.
(In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
-
Shneidman E. Dusha samoubiitsy [The soul of suicide].
Moscow: Publ. Smysl, 2001. 315 p. (In Russ.)
-
Yavorskii A.A. Klinicheskie osobennosti suitsidal'nogo
povedeniya psikhopaticheskikh i aktsentuirovannykh lichnostei v period
prokhozhdeniya voinskoi sluzhby [Clinical features of suicidal behavior of
psychopathic and accentuated personalities in military service]. [PhD
(Medicine) Thesis]. Saint-Petersburg, 1991. 20 p.
-
Brown M.Z., Comtois K.A., Linehan M.M. Reasons for suicide
attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality
disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2002, no. 111, pp.
198–202.
-
Carver C.S., Scheier M.R, Weintraub J.K. Assessing coping
strategies: A theoretic ally based approach. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 1989, no. 56, pp. 267–283.
-
Chapman A. L., Gratz K.L., Brown M.Z. Solving the puzzle
of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model. Behavior Research
and Therapy, 2006, no. 44,
pp. 371–394.
-
Dear G.E., Slattery J.L., Hillan R.J. Evaluations of the
quality of coping reported by prisoners who have self-harmed and those who have
not. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 2001, no. 31, pp.
442–450.
-
Gratz K.L. Risk factors for and functions of deliberate
self-harm: An empirical and conceptual review. Clinical Psychology: Science
and Practice, 2003, vol. 10, no. 2,
pp. 192–204.
-
Gratz K.L. Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among
female college students: The role and interaction of childhood treatment,
emotional inexpressivity, and affect intensity/reactivity. American Journal
of Orthopsychiatry, 2006, no. 76, pp. 238–250.
-
Gratz K.L., Conrad S.D., Roemer L. Risk factors for
deliberate self-harm among college students. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 2002, no. 72, pp. 128–140.
-
Haines J., Williams C.L. Coping and problem solving of
self-mutilators. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2003, no. 59, pp.
1097–1106.
-
James D.J., Glaze L.E. Mental health problems of prisons
and jail inmates (Publication No. NCJ 213600). Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2006. 12 p.
-
Miotto P., De Coppi M., Frezza M., Petretto D., Masala C.,
Preti A. Suicidal ideation and aggressiveness in school-aged youths.
Psychiatry Res., 2003, vol. 15, no. 120, pp. 247–255.
-
Muehlenkamp J.J. Self-injurious behavior as a separate
clinical syndrome. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2005, no. 75,
pp. 324–333.
-
Nock M.K., Prinstein M.J. A functional approach to the
assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 2004, no. 72, pp. 885–890.
-
Osman A., Bagge C.L., Gutierrez P.M., Konick L.C., Kopper
B.A., Barrios F.X. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R):
validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 2001, vol. 8, no.
4, pp. 443–454.
-
Suyemoto, K. L. The functions of self-mutilation.
Clinical Psychology Review, 1998, no. 18, pp. 531–554.
-
Watson D., Clark L. A. The PANAS-X: Manual for the
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form. Iowa Research
Online. The University of Iowa’s Institutional Repository Department of
Psychological and Brain Sciences Publications, 1999. 28 p.
-
Whitlock J., Eckenrode J., Silverman D. Self-injurious
behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics, 2006, no. 117, pp.
1939–1948.
|
|
