Гендерно-ролевые установки как фактор субъективной карьерной успешности женщин

Гендерно-ролевые установки, основанные на доминирующей гендерной идеологии в обществе, которая определяет нормативные модели поведения для мужчин и женщин, отражаются в вовлеченности женщин в карьеру, принятии решений относительно своей карьеры и формирования карьерного пути. Механизм связи установок с субъективной карьерной успешностью женщин мало изучен. Цель работы — определение механизмов, связывающих гендерно-ролевые установки и карьерную успешность женщин. В исследовании принимали участие работающие женщины в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет (N=91). Были выделены четыре механизма: управляемость карьеры, страх негативной реакции в случае успеха, значимость работы и планирование карьеры, предположительно опосредующие связь имплицитных и эксплицитных установок женщин по отношению к гендерным ролям с субъективной карьерной успешностью. Результаты показали, что имплицитные и эксплицитные установки напрямую не связаны с субъективной карьерной успешностью и удовлетворенностью карьерой у женщин. Механизмом, связывающим эксплицитные установки и успешность, оказалось планирование карьеры. Именно и только планирование оказалось связано и с эксплицитными гендерно-ролевыми установками, и с субъективной карьерной успешностью, удовлетворенностью карьерой. Кроме того, женщины с эгалитарными эксплицитными установками оценивают ниже управляемость и выше — планирование карьеры, чем женщины с традиционными гендерно-ролевыми установками. Субъективная карьерная успешность связана со значимостью работы и планированием карьеры, но не с управляемостью или страхом отрицательной реакции. Имплицитные гендерно-ролевые установки не связаны ни с одним из четырех механизмов. Модель, в которой планирование карьеры выступает как механизм связи эксплицитных установок и субъективной успешности, была проверена при помощи SEM и показала соответствие эмпирическим данным. Таким образом, планирование карьеры является механизмом связи установок по отношению к гендерным ролям и субъективной карьерной успешности, удовлетворенности карьерой.

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