The Relationship Between Multiple Identities and Social Capital in the Post-Soviet Space: an Intergenerational Analysis

297

Abstract

This study aims to identify the associations between multiple identities (ethnic, civil, religious, Soviet, civilizational) and two types of social capital (bridging and bonding) in two post-Soviet republics: Estonia and Kyrgyzstan. In both republics, the sample included representatives of two generations of ethnic Russians and representatives of the ethnic majority (the Estonians and the Kyrgyz), with at least 150 respondents in each group, so the total sample was 1,296 respondents. The authors used their own techniques to evaluate multiple identities, and a modified version of the social resource generator was used to evaluate bridging and bonding social capital. The results of the study showed that the younger generation in the post-Soviet space tends to have lower social capital, especially the bridging one. "Soviet" identity in the ethnic Russians is not associated with social capital, whereas in the representatives of the ethnic majority it is. Religious identity proved to be an important factor of both types of social capital in all the groups considered. The civic identity is linked to the bridging social capital in the Russians in both republics. Among the Estionian and Kyrgyz young people, ethnic identity is strongly associated with their bonding social capital. Also, the "European" identity of both generations of the Estonians demonstrated a strong association with the bonding social capital.

General Information

Keywords: bridging social capital, bonding social capital, trust, post-Soviet space, multiple identities

Journal rubric: Empirical Research

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170407

Funding. This work was supported by grant RSF (№ 20-18-00268).

Received: 18.08.2021

Accepted:

For citation: Tatarko A.N., Tsuikina N.V. The Relationship Between Multiple Identities and Social Capital in the Post-Soviet Space: an Intergenerational Analysis. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2021. Vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 65–73. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2021170407.

References

  1. Volkova N.V., Chiker V.A., Pochebut L.G. Razlichiya pokolenii v konsolidatsii sotsial’nogo kapitala: organizatsionnyi i subkul’turnyi aspekty [Generational differences in the consolidation of social capital: organizational and subcultural aspects]. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2019, no. 2, pp. 127—145. DOI:10.17759/sps.2019100210 (In Russ.).
  2. Lebedeva, N. M., Tatarko, A. N., Berry, J. Sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie osnovy mul’tikul’turalizma: proverka gipotez o mezhkul’turnom vzaimodeystvii v rossiyskom kontekste [Socio-psychological foundations of multiculturalism: testing hypotheses about intercultural interaction in the Russian context]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2016, no. 2, pp. 92—104. (In Russ.).
  3. Mararitsa L.V., Kazantseva T.V., Pochebut L.G., Sventsitskiy A.L. Vklad lichnosti v sotsial’nyy kapital gruppy: struktura al’truisticheskogo investirovaniya [The contribution of the individual to the social capital of the group: the structure of altruistic investment]. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2018, no. 1, pp. 43—66. DOI:10.17759/sps.2018090104 (In Russ.).
  4. Ryabichenko T.A., Lebedeva N.M., Plotka I.D. Mnozhestvennye identichnosti, akkul’turatsiya i adaptatsiya russkikh v Latvii i Gruzii[Multiple identities, acculturation and adaptation of Russians in Latvia and Georgia] Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-historical psychology, 2019, no. 2, pp. 54—64. DOI:10.17759/chp.2019150206 (In Russ.).
  5. Tatarko A.N. Proverka gipotezy integratsii na primere Dagestana: mediativnaya rol’ sotsial’nogo kapitala [Testing Integration Hypotheses in Dagestan: The Meditative Role of Individual Social Capital]. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-historical psychology, 2017, no. 4, pp. 28—39. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2017130403 (In Russ.).
  6. Bian, Y., Miao, X., Lu, X., Ma, X., Guo, X. The emergence of a COVID-19 related social capital: the case of China. International Journal of Sociology, 2020. Vol. 50. no. 5. Р. 419—433. DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1802141
  7. Bourdieu P. The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.). Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 1986. pp. 241—258.
  8. Brewer, M. B., Gardner, W. Who is this” We”? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1996. Vol. 71. no. 1. pp. 83— 93. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83
  9. Campbell, C., McLean, C. Ethnic identities, social capital and health inequalities: factors shaping African- Caribbean participation in local community networks in the UK. Social science & medicine, 2002. Vol. 55. no. 4. pp. 643— 657. DOI:10.1353/sais.2002.0009
  10. Dowley, K.M., Silver, B.D. Social capital, ethnicity and support for democracy in the post-communist states. Europe- Asia Studies, 2002. Vol. 54. no.4. pp. 505—527. DOI: 10.1080/09668130220139145
  11. Fukuyama, F. Social capital and development: The coming agenda. SAIS Review. 2002. Vol. 22. pp. 23—37. DOI: 10.1353/sais.2002.0009
  12. Heizmann B., Bohnke P. Migrant poverty and social capital: The impact of intra- and interethnic contact. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 2016. Vol. 46. pp. 73—85. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2016.08.006
  13. Helliwell J., Putnam R. Economic growth and social capital in Italy. Eastern Economic Journal, 1995. Vol. 21. no. 3. pp. 295—307. DOI: 10.3386/w5470
  14. Iosifides, T., Lavrentiadou, M., Petracou, E., Kontis, A. Forms of social capital and the incorporation of Albanian immigrants in Greece. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2007. Vol. 33. pp. 1343—1361. DOI:10.1080/13691830701614247
  15. Jun H. J., Ha S. K. Social capital and assimilation of migrant workers and foreign wives in South Korea: The case of Wongok community. Habitat International, 2015. Vol. 47. pp. 126—135. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.01.013
  16. Kawachi, I. Social capital and health. In C.E. Bird, P. Conrad, A.M. Fremont, S. Timmermans (Eds.). Handbook of medical sociology Nashville. TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2010. pp. 18—32.
  17. Knack S., Keefer P. Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross-country investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997. Vol. 112. no. 4, pp. 1251—1288. DOI: 10.1162/00335530055547
  18. Kramer, R.M. Social identity and social capital: The collective self at work. International Public Management Journal, 2006. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25—45. DOI: 10.1080/10967490600625316
  19. Lin, N. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 278 р. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511815447
  20. Makridis, C.A., Wu, C. How social capital helps communities weather the COVID-19 pandemic. PloS one, 2021. Vol. 1, no. 1. e0245135. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245135
  21. Putnam R.D. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000. 541 p. DOI:10.1145/358916.361990
  22. Putnam, R.D. Social capital measurements and consequences. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2001. Vol. 2, pp. 41—51.
  23. Sapsford, R., Abbott, P., Haerpfer, C., Wallace, C. Trust in post-Soviet countries, ten years on. European Politics and Society, 2015 Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 523—539. DOI: 10.1080/23745118.2015.1039286
  24. Verhaeghe, P., Tampubolon, G. Individual social capital, neighbourhood deprivation, and self-rated health in England. Social Science and Medicine, 2012. Vol. 75, рр. 349— 357. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012. 02.057

Information About the Authors

Alexander N. Tatarko, Doctor of Psychology, Director of the Centre for Sociocultural Research , National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-9107, e-mail: tatarko@yandex.ru

Natalia V. Tsuikina, PhD in Philology, Senior Lecturer, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-1457, e-mail: natalia.tshuikina@tlu.ee

Metrics

Views

Total: 469
Previous month: 13
Current month: 0

Downloads

Total: 297
Previous month: 7
Current month: 0