Motivation, Will, Goal Setting and the Growth of Sportsmanship of Middle and Long Distance Runners

474

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study aimed at analyzing the characteristics of the psychological organization of sports activities of middle and long distances runners. Based on a level analysis of sports activities, a questionnaire was developed and used to collect data to assess the characteristics of motivation, volitional and intentional-arbitrary goal-setting among athletes. Standardized methods were also used: “a questionnaire to identify the severity of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”; “Scale of control over the action” by J. Kuhl; methods of self-assessment of the volitional qualities of a person; “The test of meaningful life orientations.” Calculations were made of the rank correlation between indicators on questionnaire scales and the level of sportsmanship in female and male samples. Significant directions of changes in motivation, goal-setting and volitional qualities in female and male samples were identified, as- sociated with the improvement of sports qualifications.

General Information

Keywords: sports activities, motivation in sports, will, volitional regulation, voluntary and deliberate organization of actions, goal-setting in sports

Journal rubric: Sports Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2021140312

Funding. The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project number 18-013-01108.

For citation: Malanov S.V., Subaeva A.S. Motivation, Will, Goal Setting and the Growth of Sportsmanship of Middle and Long Distance Runners. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2021. Vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 168–182. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2021140312. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Vygotskii L.S. Sobranie sochinenii: V 6 t. T. 3. Problemy razvitiya psikhiki [Collected Works: in 6 vol. Vol. 3. Problems of development of the mind]. Moscow: Publ. Pedagogika, 1983. 368 p. (In Russ.).
  2. Gal’perin P.Ja. K voprosu ob instinktah u cheloveka.[To the question of human instincts] Psihologija kak obektivnaja nauka.[ Psychology as a science] M.: Moskovskij psihologo-social’nyj institut, Voronezh: NPO «MODJeK», 1998. pp. 399—414. (In Russ.).
  3. Gushchin V.I., Bubeev Y.A., Kabanov D.Y. Motivaciya sportsmena: poiski nacional’nogo smysla [Athlete Motivation: The Search for National Sense]. Sportivnyj psiholog [Sport’s psichologist]. 2017. no. 3(46), pp. 43—47. (In Russ.).
  4. Ivannikov V.A. Psihologicheskie mehanizmy volevoj reguljacii [Psychological mechanisms of volitional regulation] M.: URAO, 1998. P. 144. (In Russ.).
  5. Ivannikov V.A. Osnovy psihologii [Basics of Psychology] Kurs lekcij. SPb.: Piter, 2010. P. 336.
  6. Ivannikov V.A., Shljapnikov V.N. Volja kak produkt obshhestvenno-istoricheskogo razvitija chelovechestva [Will as a product of socio-historical development of mankind]. Psihologicheskij zhurnal [ psychological journal], 2012, tom 33, no.3, pp. 111—121. (In Russ.).
  7. Kuz’min M.A. Motivaciya sportivnoj deyatel’nosti v razlichnyh vidah sporta [Motivation of sports activities in various sports]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta [Scientific notes of the University of Lesgaft]. 2012. No.2 (84), pp. 84—89. (In Russ.).
  8. Malanov S.V. Urovni psihofiziologicheskoj i psihicheskoj organizacii sportivnoj dejatel’nosti i reguljacii sportivnyh dejstvij. [Levels of psychophysiological and mental organization of sports activities and regulation of sports activities], S.V. Malanov. Sportivnyj psiholog [Sport’s psichologist], 2014. no 2 (33), pp. 18—22. (In Russ.).
  9. Malanov S.V., Malanova A.S. Osobennosti motivacionnoj sfery u begunov na srednie i dlinnye distancii v zavisimosti ot sportivnoj kvalifikacii i gendernyh razlichij.[Features of the motivational sphere for middle and long distance runners depending on sports qualifications and gender differences]. S.V. Malanov, A.S. Malanova, Sportivnyj psiholog [Sport’s psichologist], 2017. no 2 (45), pp. 53—60. (In Russ.).
  10. Malanov S.V., Subaeva A.S. K voprosu o edinyh teoreticheskih osnovanijah psihologicheskogo analiza sportivnoj dejatel’nosti [To the question of unified theoretical foundations of the psychological analysis of sports activity] Psihologija lichnosti: kul’turno-istoricheskij podhod. Materialy XX Mezhdunarodnyh chtenij pamjati L.S. Vygotskogo. Moskva, 18—20 nojabrja 2019 g. / Pod red. G.G. Kravcova: V 2 t. T. 1. M.: Lev, 2019. pp. 529—535. (In Russ.).
  11. Malanova A.S. Osobennosti soderzhanija samosoznanija u begunov na srednie i dlinnye distancii v zavisimosti ot sportivnoj kvalifikacii i gendernyh razlichij [Features of the content of self-awareness among middle and long distance runners depending on sports qualifications and gender differences] Vestnik Marijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2018. T. 12. no. 3, pp. 57—66. (In Russ.).
  12. Mnatsakanyan B.Kh., Khachaturova E.V., Stepanyan L.S. Osnovnye faktory demotivatsii u sportsmenov razlichnykh grupp vidov sporta [The main factors of demotivation in athletes of various groups of sports]. Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul’tury i sporta [Pedagogical- psychological and biomedical problems of physical education and sport], 2016, tom 38, no. 1, pp. 64—68. (In Russ.).
  13. Piloyan R.A. Motivatsiya sportivnoi deyatel’nosti [Motivation for sports]. M.: «Fizkul’tura i sport», 1984. P. 104. (In Russ.).
  14. Smirnova E.O. Razvitie voli i proizvol’nosti v rannem i doshkol’nom vozrastah [Development of will and arbitrariness in early and preschool ages] M.: Institut prakticheskoj psihologii; Voronezh: NPO «MODJeK», 1998. P. 256. (In Russ.).
  15. Smirnova E.O. On the Problem of Will and Self-Regulation in Cultural-Historical Psychology. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2015. Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 9—15. doi:10.17759/chp.2015110302. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  16. Fritt K. Mozg i dusha. Kak nervnaja dejatel’nost’ formiruet nash vnutrennij mir [ Brain and soul. How nervous activity shapes our inner world] M.: AST, CORPUS, 2014. P. 335. (In Russ.).
  17. Shlyapnikov V.N. Gender Differences in the State of Volitional Regulation among Various Ethnic Groups of the Russian Federation and the CIS. Eksperimental’naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2020. Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 139—152. doi:10.17759/exppsy.2020130210. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  18. Yakovlev B.P. Motivaciya i emocii v sportivnoj deyatel’nosti. [Motivation and emotions in sports activities]. M: Sovetskij sport [Soviet sport], 2014. P. 312. (In Russ.).
  19. Jakutenko I. Volja i samokontrol’: Kak geny i mozg meshajut nam borot’sja s soblaznami.[ Will and self- control: How genes and the brain prevent us from combating temptations] M.: Al’pina non-fikshn, 2018. P. 456. (In Russ.).
  20. Baumann N., Kazén M., Quirin M., Koole S.L. Why People Do the Things They Do: Building on Julius Kuhl’s Contributions to the Psychology of Motivation and Volition. Hogrefe Publishing, 2018. P. 433.
  21. Kuhl J. Who controls whom when “I control myself”? Psychological Inquiry. 1996. Vol. 7 (1), pp. 61 — 68.
  22. Nathanael C.H. Ong (2019) Assessing objective achievement motivation in elite athletes: A comparison according to gender, sport type, and competitive level, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2019. Vol. 17 (4), pp.397—409, DOI: 10.1080/1612197X.2017.1349822
  23. Vallerand R.J., Perreault S. Intrinstic and extrinsic motivation in sport: toward a intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for sport // Essential reading in sport and exercise psychology / eds. By D. Smith, M. Bar-Eli. Champaign, 2007. P. 155—164.

Information About the Authors

Sergey V. Malanov, Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Chair of Psychology in Education, Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-077X, e-mail: MalanovSV@mail.ru

Ayvika S. Subaeva, PhD Student, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-6772, e-mail: AyvikaM@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 794
Previous month: 27
Current month: 13

Downloads

Total: 474
Previous month: 12
Current month: 3