Reflective Aspect of Perception and Self-Perception of Subjects in Conflict Interaction

As part of the experimental study, the change in the images of subjects (the image of oneself and the image of another) included in the conflict interaction was assessed; the relationship between the images of communicants and the level of their reflexivity was revealed. A wide range of methods were used in the work: “Diagnosis of the level of development of reflexivity (A.V. Karpov); scaling Petrovsky - Uvarina, "Who am I?" (M. Kuhn, T. McPartland (modified by T.V. Rumyantseva)). The study was conducted on the “Experiment for studying negotiations” setup (idea by V.A. Lefevre, modification by B.I. Khasan). After the experimental interaction, the participants of the study had significant changes in the assessment of personality traits in terms of "Communicative Self" (T= 2.246 at p≤0.025) were revealed. In subjects with a "low" level of reflexivity, a significant correlation was found between self-identification by a set of characteristics related to the "Active Self" and the perception of characteristics the other (opponent) (r = 0.523 at p≤0.05) In subjects with a "high" level of reflexivity, a significant inverse correlation was determined between the self-identification of the subjects according to the characteristics included in the indicator-component "Communicative Self" (r = - 0.668 at p ≤0.05). The data obtained indicate the existence of a connection between the level of formation of reflexivity, the construction of the image of oneself and the opponent in conflict interaction.

1. Azadanov S.D., Judicheva E.D. Problema konflikta v organizacionnoj psihologii [The problem of conflict in organizational psychology]. Psihologija truda, organizacii i upravlenija v uslovijah sovremennyh tehnologij: sostojanie i perspektivy razvitija: materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Tver', 02 — 04 ijunja 2020 goda. Tver': Tverskoj gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2020. Pp. 233—236. (In Russ.).
2. Amel'chenko A.A. Vzaimosvjaz' urovnja razvitija jempatii i urovnja razvitija refleksii lichnosti [The relationship between the level of development of empathy and the level of development of personality reflection]. Psihologija i psihotehnika, 2020. 4, pp. 103—110. (In Russ.).
3. Andreeva G.M. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya [Contemporary social psychology]. Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2009. 362 p. (In Russ.).
4. Anikina V.G. Refleksiya i virtual'naya real'nost': ot ehtimologicheskogo analiza ponyatii k ponimaniyu sushchnostnykh otnoshenii [Reflection and virtual reality: from etymological analysis of concepts to understanding essential relationships]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2021. Vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 19—26. (In Russ.).
5. Anikina V.G. Refleksiya v kul'turno-istoricheskoi psikhologii [Reflection in cultural-historical psychology]. Moscow: MAKS-Press, 2012. 244 p. (In Russ.).
6. Anikina V.G., Lagutin A.V. Refleksivnyj aspekt vosprijatija drug druga sub#ektami konflikta [Reflexive aspect of perception of each other by the subjects of the conflict]. Psihologicheskaja nauka i obrazovanie, 2022. Vol. 27, no 1, pp. 104—120. (In Russ.).
7. Atanesjan A.V. Konfliktologicheskoe izmerenie informacionnogo obshhestva i potrebitel'skoj kul'tury [Conflictological dimension of the information society and consumer culture]. Sovremennoe rossijskoe obshhestvo: social'no-politicheskie trendy i vyzovy: Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennoj 30-letiju fakul'teta social'no-politicheskih nauk JarGU im. P.G. Demidova, Jaroslavl' [Modern Russian society: socio-political trends and challenges: Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific conference with international participation, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of YarSU named after. P.G. Demidov, Yaroslavl], 03—04 dekabrja 2020 goda. Jaroslavl': Jaroslavskij gosudarstvennyj universitet im. P.G. Demidova, 2021. 138—142. (In Russ.).
8. Barabanshchikov V.A. Dinamika vospriyatiya vyrazhenii litsa [The dynamics of the perception of facial expressions]. Moscow: Kogito-Tsentr, 2016. 376 p. (In Russ.).
9. Barabanshchikov V.A. Kommunikativnyi podkhod k issledovaniyu kognitivnykh protsessov [Communicative approach to the study of cognitive processes]. Psikhologicheskie i psikhoanaliticheskie issledovaniya [Psychological and psychoanalytic research]. Moscow: Negosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe chastnoe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovaniya «Moskovskii institut psikhoanaliza», 2009. 8—20. (In Russ.).
10. Bodruhin V.N., Bodruhina I.N. Mezhlichnostnye konflikty: prichiny i razreshhenie [Interpersonal conflicts: causes and resolution]. Interial, 2019. No. 2(6), pp. 109—111. (In Russ.).
11. Gornova M.A. Problemy psihologicheskoj adaptacii rossijskih jemigrantov [Problems of psychological adaptation of Russian emigrants]. Aktual'nye problemy sovremennoj Rossii: psihologija, pedagogika, jekonomika, upravlenie i pravo: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov mezhdunarodnyh nauchno-prakticheskih konferencij, Moskva [Actual problems of modern Russia: psychology, pedagogy, economics, management and law: Collection of scientific papers of international scientific and practical conferences, Moscow], 07—24 aprelja 2023 goda / Otv. redaktory: V.P. Vershinin, A.L. Tret'jakov. Vol. 10. Moskow: Moskovskij psihologo-social'nyj universitet, 2023. Pp. 171—177. (In Russ.).
12. Dmitrieva N.V. Issledovanija vzaimosvjazi refleksii i povedenija v konflikte mezhdu suprugami [Studies of the relationship between reflection and behavior in conflict between spouses]. Molodoj uchenyj, 2023. No. 2(449), pp. 407—410. (In Russ.).
13. Zinedinova R.Je. Ponjatie i psihologicheskie faktory determinacii semejnyh konfliktov [The concept and psychological factors of determining family conflicts]. Alleja nauki, 2021. Vol. 2, no. 5(56), pp. 892—895. (In Russ.).
14. Kotova O.V., Mal'ceva S.M., Pronina E.R., Stec A.V. O metodah razreshenija konfliktnyh situacij v organizacii [On methods of resolving conflict situations in an organization]. Azimut nauchnyh issledovanij: jekonomika i upravlenie, 2021. Vol. 10, no. 2(35). pp. 207—209. (In Russ.).
15. Kajgorodov B.V. Refleksija kak sposob upravlenija konfliktami [Reflection as a way to manage conflicts. Social'no-psihologicheskie aspekty profilaktiki i razreshenija konfliktov: Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Irkutsk [Social and psychological aspects of conflict prevention and resolution: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Irkutsk], 21 oktjabrja 2022 goda. Irkutsk: Bajkal'skij gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2023. Pp. 99—103. (In Russ.).
16. Karpov A.V. Refleksivnost' kak psikhicheskoe svoistvo i metodika ee diagnostiki [Reflexivity as a mental property and a technique for its diagnosis. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2003. No. 5 (24), pp. 45—57. (In Russ.).
17. Lavrinovich E.V. Transformatsiya obraza vospriyatiya konflikta kak metod upravleniya. Avtoref. diss. …kand. psikhol. nauk [Transformation of the image of the perception of the conflict as a method of management (Ph.D. thesis)]. Moscow, 1999. 24 p. (In Russ.).
18. Lager' M.A. Issledovanie vnutrigruppovyh konfliktov v kibersporte [Study of intragroup conflicts in eSports]. Psihologicheskoe zdorov'e lichnosti: teorija i praktika: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov po materialam VIII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Stavropol', 09—10 nojabrja 2022 goda / Otv. redakciej I.V. Belasheva. Stavropol': Severo-Kavkazskij federal'nyj universitet, 2022. Pp. 164—166. (In Russ.).
19. Lomov B.F. Metodologicheskie i teoreticheskie problemy psikhologii [Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology]. Moscow: Nauka, 1984. 349 p. (In Russ.).
20. Lomov B.F., Obozov N.N., Nosulenko V.N., i dr. Problema obshcheniya [Communication problem]. Moscow: Nauka, 1981. 280 p. (In Russ.).
21. Lukina V.S., Grigor'eva E.V. Osobennosti refleksii i stilja prinjatija reshenij u podrostkov [Peculiarities of reflection and decision-making style in adolescents]. Nauchnoe obozrenie. Serija 2: Gumanitarnye nauki, 2021. No. 6, pp. 83—88. (In Russ.).
22. Makarov Ju.V. Rol' psihologicheskih faktorov v razvitii organizacionnyh konfliktov [The role of psychological factors in the development of organizational conflicts]. Gumanitarnye, social'no-jekonomicheskie i obshhestvennye nauki, 2015. No. 10-2, pp. 108—111. (In Russ.).
23. Petrovskii V.A. "Ya" v personologicheskoi perspective [Logic "I": a personological perspective]. Moscow: Izd. dom Vyssh. shk. ekonomiki, 2013. 502 p. (In Russ.).
24. Petrovskii V.A. Implikatsiya: eksplikatsiya implitsitnogo. Chelovek v situatsii neopredelennosti [Implication: explication of the implicit. A person in a situation of uncertainty]. Moscow: TEIS, 2007. Pp. 49—57. (In Russ.).
25. Semenov I.N. Teoreticheskie osnovy izucheniya roli refleksii v protsessakh samosti v transdistsiplinarnom kontekste chelovekoznaniya [Theoretical foundations for studying the role of reflection in the processes of selfhood in the transdisciplinary context of human knowledge]. Mir psikhologii [World of Psychology], 2018. No. 3 (95), pp. 7—24. (In Russ.).
26. Rozenova M.I., Barsukova K.G. Psihologicheskie faktory mezhlichnostnyh konfliktov podrostkov v obrazovatel'noj srede [Psychological factors of interpersonal conflicts of adolescents in the educational environment]. Alleja nauki, 2020. 1, no. 3(42), pp. 237—240. (In Russ.).
27. Rumjanceva T.V. Psihologicheskoe konsul'tirovanie: diagnostika otnoshenij v pare [Psychological counseling: diagnosis of relationships in a couple]. : Rech', 2006. 176 p. (In Russ.).
28. Semenov I.N., Stepanov S.Yu. Problema predmeta i metoda psikhologicheskogo izucheniya refleksii [The problem of the subject and method of psychological study of reflection]. Issledovanie problem psikhologii tvorchestva [Study of the problems of the psychology of creativity]. Pod red. P.Ya. Ponomarevа [Ed. Ponomarev]. Moscow: Nauka, 1983. Pp. 154—182. (In Russ.).
29. Sepach A.M., Shajtuhina A.N, Privalihina N.R. Refleksija kak resurs dlja konstruktivnogo razreshenija osnovnogo konflikta shkol'nogo finisha [Reflection as a resource for a constructive resolution of the main conflict of the school finish]. Mir cheloveka: Materialy ezhegodnyh konferencij i Aspirantskih nauchno-pedagogicheskih chtenij, Krasnojarsk [Human World: Materials of annual conferences and Postgraduate scientific and pedagogical readings, Krasnoyarsk], 27 aprelja — 15 maja 2018 goda / Pod obshhej redakciej V.V. Ignatovoj. Tom Vypusk 1(46). Krasnojarsk: Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe bjudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovanija "Sibirskij gosudarstvennyj universitet nauki i tehnologij imeni akademika M.F. Reshetneva", 2018. Pp. 170— (In Russ.).
30. Skityaeva I.M. Zakonomernosti strukturno-funktsional'noi organizatsii refleksii i ikh rol' v formirovanii lichnosti. diss….kand. psikhol. nauk [Regularities of the structural and functional organization of reflection and their role in the formation of personality. PhD (Psycholpgy) Thesis]. Yaroslavl', 2002. 22 p. (In Russ.).
31. Timerbulatov Z.M. Toksichnost' virtual'noj real'nosti [Toxicity of virtual reality]. Social'no-gumanitarnye znanija, 2019. No. 10, pp. 145—147. (In Russ.).
32. Tozhiboev M.N., Hudojnazarov T.H., Mavlonova Z.T. Konflikt i ego social'no-psihologicheskie svojstva [Conflict and its socio-psychological properties]. Nauka i mir = Science and World, 2019. No. 11-2(75), pp. 75—76. (In Russ.).
33. Truhan N.S. Issledovanie konflikta v social'noj psihologii [Conflict research in social psychology]. Gumanitarnye nauki. Studencheskij nauchnyj forum: sbornik statej po materialam HHHV studencheskoj mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Moskow [Humanitarian sciences. Student scientific forum: a collection of articles based on the materials of the XXXV student international scientific and practical conference, Moscow], 28 dekabrja 2020 goda. Tom 12 (35). Moskow: Obshhestvo s ogranichennoj otvetstvennost'ju "Mezhdunarodnyj centr nauki i obrazovanija", 2020. Pp. 43—48. (In Russ.).
34. Khasan B.I., Sergomanov P.A. Razreshenie konfliktov i vedenie peregovorov [Conflict resolution and negotiation]. Moscow: MIROS, 174 p. (In Russ.).
35. Shukshina L.V., Kogaj I.A. Issledovanie jeskapizma i refleksii u sovremennyh studentov [The study of escapism and reflection in modern students]. Sovremennoe pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie, No. 9, pp. 23—26. (In Russ.).
36. Jakubenko A.A. Jempiricheskoe izuchenie svjazi mezhdu parametrami refleksii i intellekta u budushhih psihologov [Empirical study of the relationship between the parameters of reflection and intelligence in future psychologists]. Vserossijskij pedagogicheskij forum: Sbornik statej VIII Vserossijskoj nauchno-metodicheskoj konferencii, Petrozavodsk [All-Russian Pedagogical Forum: Collection of articles of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Methodological Conference, Petrozavodsk], 31 marta 2022 goda. g. Petrozavodsk: Mezhdunarodnyj centr nauchnogo partnerstva «Novaja Nauka» (IP Ivanovskaja I.I.), 2022. Pp. 49—53. (In Russ.).
37. Batson C.D., Lishner D.A., Carpenter A., Dulin L., Harjusola-Webb S., Stocks, E.L., Sampat B. “...As you would have them do unto you”: Does imagining yourself in the other’s place stimulate moral action? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003. Vol. 29, pp. 1190—1201.
38. Gerace A., Day A., Casey S., & Mohr P. “I Think, You Think”. Journal of Relationships Research, 2017. Vol. 8:e9, pp. 1—19. DOI:10.1017/jrr.2017.8
39. Gordon A.M., & Chen S. Does power help or hurt? The moderating role of self-other focus on power and perspective-taking in romantic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2013. Vol. 39, pp. 1097—1110.
40. Davis M.H., Soderlund T., Cole J., Gadol E., Kute M., Myers M., & Weihing J. Cognitions associated with attempts to empathize: How do we imagine the perspective of another? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004. Vol. 30, pp. 1625—1635.
41. Khan Kh.A. Mirrors and Reflections: Perceptions of Muslim Immigrant Women in Toronto. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Graduate Department of Social Justice Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto, 2022.
42. Lawrence E.J., Shaw P., Giampietro V.P., Surguladze S., Brammer M.J., & David A.S. The role of ‘shared representations’ in social perception and empathy: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 2006. Vol. 29, pp. 1173—1184.
43. Mbatha N.N. Reflections on life stories by post-graduate students: Intersectionality and Agency. Short Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Social Science in Health Promotions School of Applied Human Sciences (Psychology) College of Humanities University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2016.
44. Murray S.L., Holmes J.G., Bellavia G., Griffin D.W., & Dolderman D. Kindred spirits? The benefits of egocentrism in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002. Vol. 82, pp. 563—581.
45. Shelling T.S. The strategy of conflict. Cambridge (Mass) Harvard University Press, 1980. 309 p.
46. Zurcher L. The mutable self: A self concept for social change. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1977.