Psychophysiological Indicators of Young People with Signs of Internet-Addiction

The purpose of this work is to study the psychophysiological features and characteristics of the activity of the central nervous system in young people with signs of Internet addiction. Young people were investigated, students of grades 10-11 of Tyumen gymnasiums, as well as students of 1-3 courses of Tyumen State University were studied. Internet addiction was determined by the Chen test, the average screen time spent online using mobile gadgets was recorded, the level of anxiety was determined when modeling the symptom of network access cancellation. Cognitive plasticity was determined by the Stroop method. The properties of the central nervous system were studied using a Symbol Cancellation Test (Landolt rings), the critical frequency of the fusion of flickers, the time of simple and complex visual-motor reactions were measured. The following results were found: in gymnasium students with signs of Internet addiction, significant cognitive rigidity was recorded in congruent (1.19 ± 0.05 s per solution; p<0.01 with control) and non-congruent (1.49 ± 0.08 s per solution; p<0.001 with control) Scab samples, respectively. In the group with Internet addiction, low reliability of work on the Landolt test was also noted (Kp 16.24 ± 2.09%; p <0.001 with control), low accuracy of work (At 0.76 ± 0.03 units; p <0.001 with control) and more inert indicators of complex visual-motor reaction (436.66 ± 14.52 ms; p<0.001 with control).The most pronounced negative characteristics associated with low reliability of information processing, low endurance and ability to differentiate in the central nervous system, as well as reduced selective perception of information were noted in the group of gymnasium students and, in part, in the risk groups of gymnasium students and students.

1. Grigoriev Yu.G, Samoylov A.S., Bushmanov A.Yu., Khorseva N.I. Cellular Connection and the Health of Children — Problem of the Third Millennium. Мedical Radiology and Radiation Safety, 2017. No. 62(2), pp. 39—46. DOI:10.12737/article_58f0b9573b6b59.54629416 (In Russ.).
2. Demin D.B. Brain activity in adolescents with different internet addiction risks. Human ecology, 2021. No. 6, pp. 21—27. DOI:10.33396/1728-0869-2021-6-21-27 (In Russ.).
3. Druzhilov S.A. Hygienic aspects of the information and technological person’s addiction in the new reality. Hygiene & Sanitation, 2019. No. 98(7), pp. 748—753. DOI:10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-7-748-753 (In Russ.).
4. Iu., Grechanyi S.V., Chuprova N.A., Soldatkin V.A., Yakovlev A.N., Iliuk R.D., Nikolishin A.E., Ponizovskiy P.A., Vantey V.B., Gromyko D.I., Dolgikh N.V., Erofeyeva N.A., Pozdnyak V.V., Il’ichev A.B., Khutoryanskaya J.V., Egorov A.A., Magomedova E.A., Nechayeva A.I., Pashkevich N.V., Semenova Yu.V., Sidorov A.A., Khanykov V.V., Kibitov A.A., Krupitskii E.M., Shmukler A.B., Kibitov A.O. Clinical and psychological features of people with internet dependence: experience of a pilot study. Korsakov’s Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2020. No. 120(3), pp. 13—18. DOI:10.17116/jnevro202012003113 (In Russ.).
5. Malyguin V.L, Khomeriki N.S., Smirnova E.A., Antonenko A.A. Internet addictive behavior. Korsakov’s Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2011. No. 111(8), pp. 86—92. URL: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/zhurnal-nevrologii-i-psikhiatrii-im-s-s-korsakova/2011/8/031997-72982011819 (In Russ.).
6. Malygin V.L., Feklisov K.A., Iskandirova A.S. Internet-dependent behavior. Diagnostic criteria and methods: Textbook. Moscow, MSMSU, 2011. 32 p. (In Russ.).
7. Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. Individually-psychological qualities of adolescents as risk-factors for development of internet-addictive behavior. Medical Psychology in Russia: a scientific online journal, 2015. No. 1(30), pp. 1—22. URL: http://www.mprj.ru/archiv_global/2015_1_30/nomer10.php (In Russ.).
8. Milushkina O.Y., Popov V.I., Skoblina N.A., Markelova S.V., Sokolova N.V. The use of electronic devices by students, parents and teachers before and after the transition to distance learning. Bulletin of RSMU, 2020. No. 3, pp. 85—91. DOI:10.24075/vrgmu.2020.037 (In Russ.).
9. Olenko E.S., Kirichuka V.F., Kodochigovaa A.I., Yupatova V.D., Fominaa E.V., Konovalovaa A.A. Features of the state of brain hemodynamics in young men: interaction with cognitive function. Vyssh. Nerv. Deiat., 2020. No. 70(1), pp. 25—30. DOI:10.31857/S0044467720010128 (In Russ.).
10. Perezhogin L.O. Program of psychotherapeutic aid for adolescents with signs of the internet and mobile devices addiction. Practical Medicine, 2019. No. 3, pp. 96—99. DOI:10.32000/2072-1757-2019-3-96-99 (In Russ.).
11. Perezhogin L.O., Vostroknutov N.V. Non-chemical addictions in pediatric psychiatric practice. Russian journal of psychiatry, 2009. No. 4, pp. 86—91. (In Russ.).
12. Rabadanova A.I., Cherkesova D.U., Babaeva E.M., Ashurbekova M.I. The brain electric activity and interactions between hemispheres at formation of internet dependence. Academic Journal “Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 2017. No. 19(2), pp. 518—522. (In Russ.).
13. Sorokina N.D., Pertsov S.S., Selitski G.V., Tsagashek A.V., Zherdeva A.S. Neurophysiological and clinico-biological features of internet addiction. Korsakov’s Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019. No. 119(12), pp. 51—56. DOI:10.17116/jnevro201911912151 (In Russ.).
14. Sysoev V.N. Landolt's test. Diagnostics of working capacity: Methodical manual. St. Petersburg: IMATON, 2000. 32 p. (In Russ.).
15. Trends in the development of the information society in the Russian Federation: a brief statistical compendium. Moscow: HSE, 2020. 220 p. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/oOpt4XM9/info-ob_reg2020.pdf (In Russ.).
16. Ushakov I.B., Popov V.I., Skoblina N.A., Markelova S.V. Duration of the use of mobile electronic devices as a risk factor for health of children, adolescents and youth. Human ecology, 2021. No. (7), pp. 43—50. DOI:1033396/1728-0869-2021-7-43-50 (In Russ.).
17. Young K.S. Clinical aspects of internet addiction disorder. Medical Psychology in Russia: a scientific online journal, 2015. No. 4(33). URL: http://mprj.ru/archiv_global/2015_4_33/nomer10.php (In Russ.).
18. Ben-Yehuda L., Greenberg L., Weinstein A. Internet addiction by using the smartphone-relationships between internet addiction, frequency of smartphone use and the state of mind of male and female students. Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science, 2016. No. 2(1), pp. 22. DOI:10.17756/jrdsas.2016-024
19. Cerniglia L., Zoratto F., Cimino S., Laviola G., Ammanti M., Adriani W. Internet Addiction in adolescence: Neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017. No. 76(PtA), pp. 174—184. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024
20. Chi X., Lin L., Zhang P. Internet Addiction among college students in China: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2016. No. 19(9), pp. 567—573. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2016.0234
21. Ching S.M., Hamidin A., Vasudevan R., Sazlyna M.S., Wan Aliaa W.S., Foo Y.L., Yee A., Hoo F.K. Prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction among medical students — A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. Med Journal Malaysia, 2017. No. 72(1), pp. 7—11. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28255133/
22. Griffiths M.D. Technological addictions. Psychol. Forum, 1995. No. 76, pp. 14—19.
23. Kuss D.J., Griffiths M.D., Binder J.F. Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 2013. No. 29(3), pp. 959—966. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
24. Müller K.W., Dreier M., Duven E., Giralt S., Beutel M.E., Wölfling K. Adding clinical validity to the statistical power of large-scale epidemiological surveys on internet addiction in adolescence: a combined approach to investigate psychopathology and development-specific personality traits associated with internet addiction. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2017. No. 78(3), pp. 244—251. DOI:10.4088/JCP.15m10447
25. Regard M., Knoch D., Gutling E., Landis T. Brain damage and addictive behavior: a neuropsychological and electroencephalogram investigation with pathologic gamblers. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 2003. No. 16(1), pp. 47—53. DOI:10.1097/00146965-200303000-00006
26. Sparrow B., Liu J., Wegner Daniel M. Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips. Science, 2011. No. 333(6043), pp. 776—778. DOI:10.1126/science.1207745
27. Turel O., Brevers D., Bechara A. Time distortion when users at-risk for social media addiction engage in non-social media tasks. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2018. No. 2, pp. 84—88. DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.014
28. Weinstein A., Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or excessive internet use. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2010. No. 36(5), pp. 277—283. DOI:10.3109/00952990.2010.491880
29. Whang L.S.-M., Lee S., Chang G. Internet over-users’ psychological pro-files: a behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 2003. 6, pp. 143—150. DOI:10.1089/109493103321640338
30. Young K.S. Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the internet: a case that breaks the stereotype. Psychological Reports, 1996. No. 79, pp. 899—902. DOI:10.2466/pr1996.79.3.899