On the problem of diatopic variation of the Spanish language in the dialect subsystems of Latin American countries

The article examines the inventory phonological system of Spanish consonantism and its phonetic realizations in dialect subsystems of modern Spanish. Substrate-superstrate linguistic relations in Latin American countries determine the variable nature of the implementation of the standardized norm of the Spanish language in Spanish-speaking America. The national dialectal norm of the Spanish language in these countries has characteristics that differ from the Iberian norm. Bearing in mind that all Latin American varieties of Spanish belong to a single linguistic standardized model of the Spanish language, the article attempts to determine the factors that influence the process of forming the differentiating features of national language variants. A significant part of the discrepancies revealed between national variants arises as a result of an inadequate choice of optional variants of allophones at the level of spoken speech. Thus, the norm can have a wide range of codification, which, at the same time, has certain boundaries that allow preserving the language as a system. Key words: phonological oppositions, allophonic picture, dialect subsystems, combinatorial compatibility of phonemes.

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