Preventing Social Orphanhood: the Russian Model

The article explains the Russian model of social orphanhood eradicating based on the analysis of the dynamics of the adoption and foster care and social orphanhood prevention, the legislation development and a compari- son with the international experience. The effectiveness of the state policy is depends on focus of the top federal and regional officials, the dynamic legis- lative development, federal financial support and creative accomplishing the tasks of social orphanhood eradicating throughout the country. Author proposes methodology for evaluating the regions performance based on math- ematical models of the continuity equation. The article identifies a number of factors determine the features of the state policy implementation throughout Russia, including ethnic and religious factors, geographical proximity to the international experience, migration flows, climatic conditions, and the health level. It is pointed out that the implementation of the National Strategy for Action on Children plays a key role in forming the Russian model. The main modern challengers are defining the strategy and tactics of the family and foster care of children difficult to place in family, services on interdepartmental basis, and economic crisis, which may lead to an increasing return of children from foster families.

1. Aleksandrov  D.A.,  Atukhina  T.V.,  Bugrimenko E.A. i dr. Bednost’ i razvitie rebenka [Poverty and child development]. Moscow: Rukopisnye pamyat- niki drevnei Rusi, 2015. 392 p.
2. Kantuell.N. Ot teorii k praktike: realizatsiya «ru- kovodyashchikh ukazanii po al’ternativnomu ukhodu za det’mi»: per. s angl. [From the theory to practice: implementation of “Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children]. Kantuell N. (eds.). Velikobritaniya: Centre for Excellence for Looked After Children in Scotland, 2012. 168 p.
3. Sem’ya G.V Psikhologicheskie aspekty politiki deinstitutsionalizatsii detei-sirot i detei, ostavshikh- sya bez popecheniya roditelei, v Rossii: vostrebovan- nost’ nauchnykh idei V.S. Mukhinoi [Psychological aspects of politics]. Razvitie lichnosti [Personality development], 2015, no. 1, pp.24–42
4. Sem’ya G.V. Deinstitutsionalizatsiya detei-sirot: reformirovanie seti uchrezhdenii internatnogo tipa i razvitie spektra uslug dlya detei i semei [De-institu- tionalization of orphans: the reform of the network of residential care and the development of the range of services for children and families]. Moscow: Variant. 2012. 112 p.
5. Sem’ya G.V. O razrabotke professional’nogo standarta spetsialista organa opeki i popechitel’stva [On the development of the professional standard of professional guardianship authority]. Psikhologiches- kaya nauka i obrazovanie psyedu.ru [Psychological science and education PSYEDU.ru], 2013, no. 3.
6. Sem’ya G.V. Osnovy psikhologicheskoi zashchi- ty detei-sirot, i detei ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditelei [Fundamentals of psychological protection of orphans and children left without parental care]. Razvitie lichnosti [Personality development], 2004, no.1, pp. 71–86.
7. Sem’ya G.V. Osnovy psikhologicheskoi zash- chishchennosti detei-sirot pri mezhdunarodnom i natsional’nom usynovlenii [Bases of psychological security of orphans at the international and national adoption]. Moscow: Variant. 2004. 216 p.
8. Sem’ya G.V., Zueva N.L., Ryndina E.N., Zhuko- va O.A. Kak vernut’ roditel’skie prava [How to get back a parent`s license]. Moscow: Variant, 2009. 86 p.
9. World Development Report 2014: Mind, Society and Behavior. Washington. D.C. 2014.