Use of eye-tracking technology in sport psychology

1906

Abstract

We analyze the possibilities of application of eye movements tracking technology in sports psychology. Eye tracking enables highly accurate measurement and analysis of eye movements to determine the direction of the gaze of a man. The relevance of this kind of methods to sports psychology is the high degree of ecological validity, relevance of psychological research methods to content and forms of the real sports activities. We describe types and features of the technology, provide examples of practical use of eye tracking to improve performance of athletes in various sports. It is shown that eye tracking technology makes possible studies not only of complex patterns of eye movements, but also of the psychological mechanisms of concentration behind them, as well as the formation and improvement of athletes motor skills. The authors emphasize the importance of using such innovative technologies in sports.

General Information

Keywords: sports, sports psychology, tracking eye movements, eyetracking.

Journal rubric: Sports psychology

Article type: scientific article

For citation: Gorovaya A.E., Korobeinikova E.Y. Use of eye-tracking technology in sport psychology [Elektronnyi resurs]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie psyedu.ru [Psychological Science and Education psyedu.ru], 2013. Vol. 5, no. 1 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Veraksa A.N. Professiya «Sportivnyi psiholog»// Nacional'nyi psihologicheskii zhurnal. 2012. № 1.
  2. Veraksa A.N., Leonov S.V., Gorovaya A.E. Psihologicheskie osobennosti hudozhestvennyh gimnastok// Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 14. Psihologiya. 2011. №4.
  3. Psihologiya sporta: Monografiya / Pod red. Yu.P. Zinchenko, A.G. Tonevickogo. M., 2011.
  4. Abraham A., Collins D., Martindale R. The coaching schematic: validation through expert consensus// Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006. № 24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500189173.
  5. Bar-Eli M., Azar O.H. Penalty kicks in soccer: an empirical analysis of shooting strategies and goalkeepers’ preferences// Soccer & Society. 2009. № 10. doi:10.1080/14660970802601654.
  6. Catteeuw P., HelsenW., Gilis B., van Roie E., Wagemans J. Visual scan patterns and decision-making skills of expert assistant referees in offside situations//Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2009. № 31. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep.
  7. Causer J., Holmes P.S.,  Williams A.M. Quiet eye training in a visuomotor control task // Medicine & Science in Sport Exercise. 2011. № 43. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182035de6.
  8. Côté J., Salmela J., Trudel P., Baria A., Russell S. The coaching model: a grounded assessment of expert gymnastic coaches’ knowledge // Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 1995. № 17. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep.
  9. Dosseville F., Laborde S., Raab M. Contextual and personal motor experience effects in judo referees’ decisions // The Sport Psychologist. 2011. № 25. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/tsp.
  10. Farrow D., Abernethy B. Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video-based perceptual training? //Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002. № 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410252925143.
  11. Goulet C., Bard M., Fleury C. Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve: a visual search information processing approach // Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 1989. № 11. Retrieved fromhttp://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep.
  12. Hancock D.J., Ste-Marie D.M. Gaze behaviors and decision making accuracy of higher- and lower-level referees // Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2012. № 14 (2013).
  13. Helsen W.F., Bultynck J. Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football // Journal of Sports Sciences. 2004. № 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410310001641502.
  14. Kerwin D.G., Bray K. Measuring and modelling the goalkeeper’s diving envelope in a penalty kick // The Engineering of Sport. 2006. № 6(8).
  15. Krane V. The mental readiness form as a measure of competitive state anxiety // The Sport Psychologist. 1994. № 8.
  16. Land M.F. Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior // Visual Neuroscience. 2009. № 26. doi:10.1017/S0952523808080899.
  17. MacMahon C., Starkes J.L. Contextual influences on baseball ball-strike decisions in umpires, players, and controls // Journal of Sports Sciences. 2008. № 26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701813050.
  18. Mann D.T.Y., Williams A.M., Ward P., Janelle C.M. Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis // Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2007. № 29. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep.
  19. Mascarenhas D.R.D., Collins D., Mortimer P. The accuracy, agreement and coherence of decision-making in rugby union officials // Journal of Sport Behavior. 2005. № 28.
  20. Muller S., Abernethy B., Farrow D.  How do world-class cricket batsmen anticipate a bowler’s intention? // Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2006. № 59.
  21. Nevill A.M., Balmer N.J., Williams A.M. The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football // Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2002. № 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00033-4.
  22. Oudejans R.R.D., Bakker F.C., Verheijen R., Gerrits J.C., Steinbrückner M., Beek P.J. How position and motion of expert assistant referees in soccer relate  to the quality of their offside judgments during actual match play // International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2005. № 36.
  23. Paull G., Glencross D. Expert perception and decision making in baseball // International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1997. № 28.
  24. Starkes J., Edwards P., Dissanayake P., Dunn T.  A new technology and field test of advance cue usage in volleyball //Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1995. № 66.
  25. Unkelbach C., Memmert D. Game management, context effects, and  calibration: the case of yellow cards in soccer //Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2008. № 30. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep.
  26. Vaeyens R. et al. The effects of task constraints on visual search behavior and decision-making skill in youth soccer players // Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology.  2007.  № 29.
  27. Veraksa A., Gorovaya A. Imagery training efficacy among novice soccer players// Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012. № 33.
  28. Vickers J. N. Perception, Cognition and Decision Training: The Quiet Eye in Action. Champaign, 2007.
  29. Vine S.J., Moore L.J., Wilson M.R. Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers // Frontiers in Psychology. 2011. №  2, № 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00008.
  30. Vine S.J., Wilson M.R. Quiet eye training: effects on learning and performance under pressure // Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2010. № 22. doi:10.1080/10413200.2010.495106.
  31. Vine S.J., Wilson M.R. The influence of quiet eye training and pressure on attention and visuo-motor control //  Acta Psychologica. 2011. № 136.  doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.12.008.
  32. Williams A.M., Davids K., Burwitz L., Williams J.G. Visual search strategies in experienced and inexperienced soccer players // Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1994. № 65. Retrieved from www.aahperd.org/rc/publications/rqes.
  33. Williams A., Davids K., Williams J. Visual Perception and Action in Sport. L., 1999.
  34. Williams  A., Janelle C., Davids K.  Constraints on the search for visual information in sport // International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2004. № 2.
  35. Williams A., Ward P.  Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: Exploring new horizons //  G. Tenenbaum, R.C. Eklund (Eds.). Handbook of Sport Psychology. N. Y., 2007.
  36. Wood G.,  Wilson M.R. A moving goalkeeper distracts penalty takers and impairs shooting accuracy // Journal of Sports Sciences. 2010. № 29. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.495995.
  37. Wood G., Wilson M.R. Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure // Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2012. № 13.

Information About the Authors

Aleksandra E. Gorovaya, Post-graduate Student of the Department of Psychology of Education and Pedagogy of the Faculty of Psychology, MSU them. M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: gorovaya.aleksandra@gmail.com

Ekaterina Y. Korobeinikova, Student, Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: ekaterinayk@rambler.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 3477
Previous month: 25
Current month: 9

Downloads

Total: 1906
Previous month: 4
Current month: 0