Competence and PCC Approach: Opportunities and Limitations

The methodology and descriptions of professionally important qualities (PECs) of the sub- jects of activity (conventionally called the “PWC approach”) and competencies (the “com- petence approach”) are presented. It is stated that it is not constructive to resolve questions about phenomena understood as “professionally important qualities” (PEC) and “competen- cies” when compared as components of the binary opposition (... or ... or). A constructive solution can be the restoration of a whole series (continuum) of genetic transformations of the phenomenon (s), in different scientific traditions defined as “PWC”, “competence”, “abilities” (general, special, professional), etc. Both paradigms have their own capabilities and limitations. The PWC approach as a scientific paradigm is characterized by the following: extreme broad generalizations; often, the substitution of measurements and monitoring of the evolution of the STC by “judgments of common sense”; latently postulated preservation of the ICC throughout the subject’s professional life, etc. “Spontaneous opposition” to the basic principles of the ICC approach appears as a set of different, inconsistent and inconsistent points of view. K-approach as a scientific paradigm is characterized by: pragmatism of initial goals and objectives; empiricism; often the substitution of the scientific study of phenomena by the generalization of the opinions of expert practitioners; extensive approach to the study of competencies; solving issues of joint activities is presented through the expansion of the subject’s competence sets; insufficient attention to the development prospects of the qualities of the subject, his personal and professional development in the continuation of his career. The “spontaneous opposition” more often declares itself as a reasoned alternative approach, as a critic of opponents and arguing the advantages of its approach.

Baidenko V. I., Oskarsson B. Bazovye navyki (kliuchevye kompetentsii) kak integriruiushchii faktor obrazovatel’nogo protsessa [Basic skills (key competencies) as an integrating factor of the educational process]. Professional’noe obrazovanie i formirovanie lichnosti spetsialista. Nauch.-metod. sbornik [Professional education and the formation of the personality of a specialist. Scientific method, collection]. Moscow, 2002. 244 p. (In Russian)

Ballantain I., Pova N. Tsentry otsenki i razvitiia [Assessment and Development Centers]. Moscow, HIPPO, 2003. 201 p. (In Russian)

Bashkin Ye. B., Bashkin E. B. Effektivnost’ strategicheskikh assessment-sessii v razvitii professional’nykh kompetentsii. Authoref. dis. kand. psikhol. nauk [The effectiveness of strategic assessment sessions in the development of professional competencies. Thesis of PhD]. Moscow, 2010. 24 p. (In Russian)

Markova A. K. Professiogramma gosudarstvennogo sluzhashchego [Professiogramma of public servant]. Derkach A. A., Markova A. K. Moscow, RAGS, 1996. 94 p. (In Russian)

Martirosova N. V. Psikhologicheskoe obespechenie rasstanovki kadrov v podrazdeleniiakh okhrany obshchestvennogo poriadka organov vnutrennikh del. Authoref. diss. kand. psikhol. nauk [Psychological support of personnel placement in the departments of public order of the internal affairs bodies. Thesis of PhD]. SPb., 2014. 24 p. (In Russian)

Romanova E. S. 99 populiarnykh professii. Psikhologicheskii analiz i professiogrammy [99 popular professions. Psychological analysis and professiograms]. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2006. 464 p. (In Russian)

Spenser L. M., Spenser S. M. Kompetentsii na rabote [Competences at work]. Moscow, Hippo, 2005. 384 p. (In Russian)

Fukin A. I. Psikhologiia konveiernogo truda [Psychology of conveyor labor]. Moscow, PERSE, 2003. 240 p. (In Russian)

Shadrikov V. D. Psikhologiia deiatel’nosti cheloveka [Psychology of human activity]. Moscow, Institut psikhologii RAN, 2013. 462 p. (In Russian)

Barren G. V., Depinet R. L. A reconsideration of testing for competence rather than intelligence. American Psychologist, 1991, vol. 46 (10), pp. 1012–1024.

Schtern W. Die differentiele Psychologie in ihren metodischem Grundlafen. Leipzig, Joh. Ambr. Barth., 1911. 545 р.

Lipman O. Die Berufliche F.higkeiten und Berufswahl. Berlin, Praktik, 1923. 106 p.

Gellershtein S. G., Kogan V. M., Shpigel’ Iu. I., Shpil’rein I. N. Rukovodstvo po psikhotekhnicheskomu professional’nomu podboru [Guide to psychotechnical professional selection]. Moscow, 1929. 122 p. (In Russian)

Bodrov V. A. Psikhologiia professional’noi prigodnosti <em> [Psychology of professional fitness<em>]. Moscow, PER SE, 2001. 511 p. (In Russian)

Povarenkov Iu. P. Psikhologiia professional’nogo stanovleniia lichnosti [Psychology of the professional formation of personality]. Saratov, Izd-vo SGPU, 2013. 200 p. (In Russian)

Ponomarenko V. A. Psikhologiia dukhovnosti professionala [Psychology of Spirituality of a Professional]. Moscow, PER SE, 2004. 242 p. (In Russian)

Tolochek V. A. Psikhologicheskoye obespecheniye professional’noy deyatel’nosti. Metodiki professional’nogo otbora [Psychological support of professional activity. Methods of professional selection]. Moscow, Yurayt, 2018. 186 p. (In Russian)

Volkova Ye. V. Psikhologiia spetsial’nykh sposobnostei: differentsionno-integratsionnyi podkhod [Psychology of special abilities: differential-integration approach]. Moscow, Institut psikhologii RAN, 2011. 320 p. (In Russian)

Tolochek V. A. Professional’noe stanovlenie sub”ekta: sposobnosti i professional’no vazhnye kachestva, kompetentsii i kompetentnost’ [The professional formation of the subject: the ability and professionally important qualities, competencies and competence]. Organizatsionnaia psikhologiia i psikhologiia truda [Organizational psychology and psychology of labor] , 2017, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 3–30. Available at: //http://work-org-psychology.ru/engine/documents/document241.pdf (accessed: 15.11.2018). (In Russian)

Super D. E. The psychology of careers. New York, Harper Row, 1957. 432 p.

Karpov A. V. Psikhologiia menedzhmenta [Management psychology]. Moscow, Gardariki, 1999. 248 p. (In Russian)

White R. W. Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological review, 1959, no. 66, pp. 297–333.

Chomsky N. Syntactic Structures. Second edition (First edition published in 1957). Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. 118 p.

McClelland D. C. Testing for competence rather than for intelligence. American Psychologist, 1973, vol. 28, pp. 1–14.

Flanagan J. C. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 1954, vol. 51, pp. 327–358.

Boyatzis R. E. The Competent Manager: A model for effective performance. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, 1982. 540 p.

Metodicheskii instrumentarii po ustanovleniiu kvalifikatsionnykh trebovanii dlia zameshcheniia dolzhnostei gosudarstvennoi grazhdanskoi sluzhby [Methodological tools for establishing qualification requirements for the filling of civil service posts]. Versiia 3.2. Moscow, 2017. 71 p. (In Russian)

Mitina L. M. Psikhologiia truda i professional’nogo razvitiia uchitelia [Labor Psychology and Teacher Professional Development]. Moscow, Akademiia, 2004. 320 p. (In Russian)

Tolochek V. A. Psikhologiia truda [Labor Psychology]. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg, Piter, 2017b. 480 p. (In Russian)

Spravochnik kvalifikatsionnykh trebovanii k spetsial’nostiam, napravleniiam podgotovki, znaniiam i umeniiam, kotorye neobkhodimy dlia zameshcheniia dolzhnostei gosudarstvennoi grazhdanskoi sluzhby s uchetom oblasti i vida professional’noi sluzhebnoi deiatel’nosti gosudarstvennykh grazhdanskikh sluzhashchikh[Reference book of qualification requirements for specialties, areas of training, knowledge and skills that are necessary to fill civil service positions taking into account the field and type of professional activity of civil servants[]. Moscow, 2017. 1209 p. (In Russian)

Tolochek V. A., Kraiushenko N. G. Psikhologicheskiie faktory spetsializatsii i uspeshnosti v vidakh okhrannoi deiatel’nosti [Psychological factors of specialization and success in the types of security activities]. Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiia [Bulletin of Mosk. un-that. Ser. 14. Psychology], 1998, no. 3, pp. 52–63. (In Russian)

Uiddet S., Kholliford S. Rukovodstvo po kompetentsiiam [Competence Guide]. Transl. from English.Moscow, HIPPO, 2003. 224 p. (In Russian)

Zavalishina D. N. Prakticheskoe myshlenie. Spetsifika i problemy razvitiia [Practical thinking. Specificity and problems of development]. Moscow, Institut psikhologii RAN, 2005. 352 p. (In Russian)