Russians' Subjective Assessment of their Personal Psychological and Legal Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aimed to reveal how individuals assess and view their psychological and legal safety in the time of the pandemic. We assumed that the way Russian citizens assess their personal psychological and legal safety is determined by social and psychological factors such as their age, gender, social standing. In order to achieve this objective we prepared a questionnaire. 740 individuals (278 males and 462 females between the ages of 10 and 80) took part in the study. It has been established that the majority of the respondents assess their own psychological safety as average (47.3%) and their legal safety as high (42.4%) and are ready to assume upon themselves the responsibility for their own security in the pandemic (47.9%). The subjective evaluation of one's personal psychological and legal safety involves one's gender (p≤0.01), age (p≤0.01) and social status (p≤0.01). The results of the research form the basis for the design of programs for psychological and legal assistance to the vulnerable categories of citizens.

1. Agutin A.V., Goshulyak V.V., Sintsov G.V. The National Security Strategy of the Russian Fedration and the Ideology of Russian Criminal Legal Proceedings. [Elektronnyi resurs]. Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal [Russian Journal of Criminology], 2017. Vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 817-823. doi: 10.17150/2500-4255.2017.11(4).817-823 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
2. Bagreeva E.G. Grazhdanin — gosudarstvo: uroki COVID-19 [Citizen - State: Lessons COVID-19]. Obrazovanie i pravo [Education and law], 2020, no.5, pp.14-18 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
3. Varlamova N.V. Lokdaun kak sposob reagirovaniia na pandemiiu COVID-19: analiz v kontekste Evropeiskoi konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka [Lockdown as a Way to Respond to the Pandemic COVID-19: Analysis in the Context of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia], 2020, no. 3 (87), pp. 15-25 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
4. Vorob'ev D.S. Pravo cheloveka na bezopasnost': sushchnost' i problemy realizatsii [The human right to security: the essence and problems of implementation]. Obshchestvo i pravo [Society and Law]. 2010, no. 4, pp. 52—55. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
5. Zotova O.Yu. Sovremennye otechestvennye kontseptsii psikhologii bezopasnosti [Contemporary domestic conceptions of security psychology]. Chelovecheskii capital [Human capital]. 2016, no. 4 (88), pp. 133-134. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
6. Kamenskaya E.N. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti reagirovaniya cheloveka v ChS i psikhologicheskaya bezopasnost' lichnosti [Psychological characteristics of human response in emergency situations and psychological security of the person]. Sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Innovatsionnye podkhody k resheniyu problem «Sendaiskoi ramochnoi programmy po snizheniyu riska bedstvii na 2015-2030 gody» (Kazan', 19-20 oktyabrya 2018 g.). [Compilation of materials of the international scientific and practical conference "Innovative approaches to solving problems" of the Sendai Framework Program for Disaster Risk Reduction for 2015-2030"]. Kazan: Kazanskii gosudarstvennyi tekhnicheskii universitet im. A.N. Tupoleva Publ., 2018, pp. 392-394
7. Matyash N.V., Pavlova T.A. Ustoichivost' lichnosti k negativnomu psikhologicheskomu vozdeistviyu kak problema psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti lichnosti [Personality Resistance to Negative Psychological Effects as a Problem of Psychological Personality Security]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Organizatsionnye i psikhologo-pedagogicheskie problemy bezopasnosti lichnosti i sotsial'noi sredy» (Bryansk, 25-26 aprelya 2018 g.). [Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Organizational and Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Personal Security and the Social Environment"]. Bryansk: Bryanskii gosudarstvennyi universitet imeni akademika I.G. Petrovskogo Publ., 2018, pp. 63-69.
8. Mikulina M.M. Ot bezopasnosti do lichnoi bezopasnosti fizicheskogo litsa [From security to personal security of an individual]. Aktual'nye problemy sovremennoi nauki [Actual problems of modern science]. 2013, no. 4 (72), pp. 37-40. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
9. Odintsova M.A., Radchikova N.P., Stepanova L.V. Otsenka pandemii COVID-19 rossiianami s raznym urovnem zhiznestoikosti [Pandemic Assessment COVID-19 Russians with Different Levels of Resilience]. Rossiiskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Russian psychological journal]. 2020. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 76-88. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
10. Panteleev V.Yu. Bezopasnost' v sisteme zakonnykh interesov lichnosti: pravovaya priroda i mekhanizmy obespecheniya [Security in the system of legitimate interests of a person: the legal nature and mechanisms of ensuring]. Problemy prava [Problems of law]. 2013, no. 5 (43), pp. 35-40. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
11. Patsakula I.I. Ugrozy psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti lichnosti v situatsii sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh izmenenii sredy [Threats to the psychological security of the individual in the situation of socio-economic changes in the environment]. Sbornik nauchnykh statei po materialam mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Ekonomika regiona: novye vyzovy» (Kaluga, 07-08 dekabrya 2016 g.). [Collection of scientific articles on the materials of the international scientific and practical conference "Economics of the region: new challenges"].Kaluga: OOO "TRP" Publ., 2016, pp. 270-274.
12. Pervichko E.I., Mitina O.V., Stepanova O.B., Koniukhovskaia Iu.E., Dorokhov E.A. Vospriiatie COVID-19 naseleniem Rossii v usloviiakh pandemii 2020 goda [Perception of COVID-19 by the Russian Population in the Context of the 2020 Pandemic]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia [Clinical and Special Psychology]. 2020. Vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 119-146 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
13. Petrova N.F. Genezis problemy psikhologicheskoi bezopasnosti lichnosti v zarubezhnykh psikhologicheskikh teoriyakh i kontseptsiyakh [The genesis of the problem of psychological safety of a person in foreign psychological theories and concepts]. Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya [The World of Science, Culture, Education]. 2016, no. 2 (57), pp. 280-282. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
14. Skotnikova I.G., Egorova P.I., Ogarkova Iu.L., Zhiganov L.S. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti perezhivaniia neopredelennosti pri epidemii COVID-19 [Psychological Features of Experiencing Uncertainty in an Epidemic COVID-19.] Institut psikhologii Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Sotsial'naia i ekonomicheskaia psikhologii [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social and Economic Psychology]. 2020. Vol. 13, no. 2 (18), pp. 245-268 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
15. Tuzova O.N. Zavisimost' uspeshnosti adaptatsii k deyatel'nosti v osobykh usloviyakh ot sotsial'no-psikhologicheskikh kharakteristik lichnosti voennosluzhashchikh: Avtoref. dis. kand. psikhol. nauk. [The dependence of the success of adaptation to activities in special conditions on the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of military personnelPh. D. (Psychology) Thesis]. Samara, 2006. 22 p.
16. Tuzova O.N. Rezhim samoizoliatsii v usloviiakh pandemii kak global'nyi sotsial'nyi eksperiment [The Regime of Self-isolation in Pandemic Conditions as a Global Social Experiment]. Sotsial'nye riski v sovremennom obshchestve: materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi onlain-konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Sotsial'nye riski v sovremennom obshchestve», g. Murmansk, 3-4 dekabria 2020 g., FGBOU VO MAGU [Social Risks in Modern Society: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Online Conference with International Participation "Social Risks in Modern Society," Murmansk, December 3-4, 2020, FSBOU VO MAGU]. [Elektronnyi resurs] Krasnoiarsk, Nauchno-innovatsionnyi tsentr Publ., 2020, 338 p. doi: 10.12731/978-5-907208-38-4
17. Tyurina T.B. Pravovaya bezopasnost' lichnosti v sovremennom rossiiskom gosudarstve: Avtoref. dis. kand. yurid. nauk. [Legal security of the person in the modern Russian state Ph. D. (Law) Thesis]. Saratov, 2005. 24 p.