Skip to Main Content

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy
2018. Vol. 26, no. 2, 135–150
doi:10.17759/cpp.2018260209
ISSN: 2075-3470 / 2311-9446 (online)

Pregnancy as a stage of personal development of a woman

2228

E.S. Mordas, R.R. Kharisova

PDF (RUS)
Online translation in english
GS
Information
in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pregnancy is defined as a specific crisis stage of development of a woman’s personality. We consider the specifics of the personality’s structure, gender identity, object relations and self-concept in this regard. The process of personality formation in a woman during pregnancy is marked by integrity and connected to the processes of regression, transformation, integration, and restructuring of intrapersonal formations. During pregnancy Id’s libidinal and aggressive tendencies intensify, Ego’s structure expands and enriches itself by assimilating the child as an Ego-ideal, Super-Ego lessens its pressure. Gender identity is restructured as a result of gender ideal merging with the gender stereotype.

General Information

Keywords: pregnancy, psychosexual development, crisis, object relations, identity, intrapsychic structure, gender identity, sense of self

Journal rubric: Theory and Methodology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260209

For citation: Mordas E.S., Kharisova R.R. Pregnancy as a stage of personal development of a woman. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2018. Vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 135–150. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2018260209. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Aivazyan E.B. Razvitie telesnogo i emotsional’nogo opyta zhenshchiny v period beremennosti. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Development of the bodily and emotional experience of a woman during pregnancy. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2005. 319 p.
  2. Brutman V.I., Rodionova M.S. Formirovanie privyazannosti materi k rebenku v period beremennosti [Formation of mother-to-child attachment during pregnancy]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 1997, no. 7, pp. 38—47.
  3. Vygotsky L.S. Sobranie sochinenii: v 6 t. T.4. Detskaya psikhologiya [Collected Works: in 6 vol. Vol. 4. Child psychology]. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1984. 433 p.
  4. Egorova M.A., Mironova S.I. O psikhologicheskoi gotovnosti k materinstvu devushek-sirot [About psychological readiness for maternity of girls-orphans]. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo [Social psychology and society], 2013, no. 4, pp. 69—80. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  5. Il’khamova D.I. Iz istorii formirovaniya perinatal’noi psikhologii kak nauki [From the history of the formation of perinatal psychology as a science]. Istoriya rossiiskoi psikhologii v litsakh: daidzhest [The history of Russian psychology in persons: digest], 2016, no. 6, pp. 38—43.
  6. Kernberg O. Otnosheniya lyubvi. Norma i patologiya [Love Relations: Normality and Pathology]. Moscow: Klass, 2000. 256 p. (In Russ.).
  7. Kontseptsii razvitiya sistemy zdravookhraneniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnyi resurs] [The concept of development of the health system in the Russian Federation]. Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya RF [Ministry of Health of Russian Federation], 2009. Available at: http://topmedicina.ru/health/koncepciya/ (Accessed: 17.01.2018).
  8. Kotova A.V. Osobennosti ontogeneza materinstva i psikhologicheskoi gotovnosti k materinstvu u beremennykh zhenshchin s razlichnymi somaticheskimi zabolevaniyami [Features of ontogeny of motherhood and psychological readiness for motherhood in pregnant women with various somatic diseases]. Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie [Knowledge. Understanding. Skill], 2013 ,no. 1, pp. 264—267.
  9. Lagosha R.Yu., Dvoryanskii S.A., Yagovkina N.V. Sotsial’no-bytovye faktory riska oslozhnenii beremennosti i rodov (obzor literatury) [Socio-household risk factors for complications of pregnancy and childbirth (review of literature)]. Vyatskii meditsinskii vestnik [Medical Newsletter of Vyatka], 2017, no. 2, pp. 67—73.
  10. Leont’ev A.N. Filosofiya psikhologii: iz nauchnogo naslediya [Philosophy of psychology: from the scientific heritage]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1994. 228 p.
  11. Leont’ev D.A. Teoriya lichnosti A.N. Leont’eva [Elektronnyi resurs] [Theory of personality of А.N. Leontiev]. Elektronnaya biblioteka Psychology OnLine.Net [Digital Library Psychology OnLine.Net]. Available at: http://www.psychology-online.net/articles/doc-961.html (Accessed: 17.01.2018).
  12. Meneghetti A. Psikhosomatika [Psychosomatics]. Moscow: NNBF «Ontopsikhologiya», 2009. 352 p. (In Russ.).
  13. Men’shikova A.A. Vzaimosvyaz’ psikhologicheskoi gotovnosti k materinstvu i sovladayushchego povedeniya beremennykh zhenshchin s onkologicheskimi zabolevaniyami. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Interrelation of psychological readiness for motherhood and coping behavior of pregnant women with oncological diseases. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2011. 185 p.
  14. Mordas E.S. Beremennost’ i obretenie zhenstvennosti [Pregnancy and the acquisition of femininity]. Psikholog [Psychologist], 2013, no. 3, pp. 164—185. doi:10.7256/2306-0425.2013.3.646
  15. Mordas E.S. Psikhologicheskii krizis beremennosti [Psychological crisis of pregnancy]. Akademicheskaya psikhologiya [Academic Psychology], 2017, no. 1, pp. 39—48.
  16. Mordas E.S. Razvitie reproduktivnoi funktsii i perezhivaniya zhenshchiny v period beremennosti [Development of reproductive function and experience of a woman during pregnancy]. Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika [Psychology and Psychotechnics], 2012, no. 10. doi:10.7256/2454-0722.2012.10.6635
  17. Mukhina V.S. Vozrastnaya psikhologiya. Fenomenologiya razvitiya: uchebnik [Age-related psychology. Phenomenology of development: textbook]. Moscow: Akademiya, 2012. 655 p.
  18. Ovcharova R.V. Roditel’stvo kak psikhologicheskii fenomen: uchebnoe posobie [Parenthood as a psychological phenomenon: textbook]. Moscow: Moskovskii psikhologo-sotsial’nyi institut, 2006. 496 p.
  19. Pines D. Bessoznatel’noe ispol’zovanie svoego tela zhenshchinoi (psikhoanaliticheskii podkhod) [A woman’s unconscious use of her body: A psychoanalytical perspective]. Saint Petersburg: Vostochno-Evropeiskii institut psikhoanaliza, 1997. 193 p. (In Russ.).
  20. Rudina L.M. Individual’no-psikhologicheskie osobennosti adaptivnosti zhenshchin k sostoyaniyu beremennosti. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Individually-psychological features of women’s adaptability to the state of pregnancy. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2003. 198 p.
  21. Rusalov V.M., Rudina L.M. Individual’no-psikhologicheskie osobennosti zhenshchin s oslozhnennoi beremennost’yu [Individually psychological features of women with complicated pregnancy]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2003. Vol. 24 (6), pp. 16—26.
  22. Skrynnik N.E. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti otnosheniya k detyam na etape planirovaniya materinstva i vo vremya beremennosti. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Psychological characteristics of attitudes toward children at the stage of planning maternity and during pregnancy. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Rostov-on-Don, 2012. 191 p.
  23. Sokolova O.A., Sergienko E.A. Dinamika lichnostnykh kharakteristik zhenshchiny v period beremennosti kak faktor psikhicheskogo zdorov’ya materi i rebenka [Dynamics of personal characteristics of women during pregnancy as a factor of mental health of mother and child]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 2007. Vol. 28 (6), pp. 69—81.
  24. Tyson P., Tyson R.L. Psikhoanaliticheskie teorii razvitiya [Psychoanalytic Theories of Development]. Moscow: Kogito-Tsentr, 2013. 407 p. (In Russ.).
  25. Welldon E.V. Igry s dinamitom. Individual’nyi podkhod k psikhoanaliticheskomu ponimaniyu perversii, nasiliya i prestupnosti [Playing with dynamite: a personal approach to the psychoanalytic understanding of perversions, violence, and criminality]. Moscow: Publ.“Pero”, 2017. 382 p. (In Russ.).
  26. Ferenczi S. Sobranie nauchnykh trudov. T.2. Raboty 1908—1912 gg. [Collected scientific works. Vol. 2. Works of 1908—1912]. Izhevsk: ERGO, 2013. 386 p. (In Russ.).
  27. Filippova G.G. Psikhologiya materinstva: uchebnoe posobie [The psychology of maternity: textbook]. Moscow: Publ. In-ta psikhoterapii. 2002. 240 p.
  28. Filippova G.G. Motivatsionnaya osnova materinskogo povedeniya: filogeneticheskii aspekt [Motivational basis of maternal behavior: phylogenetic aspect]. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskogo seminara «Sotsio-kognitivnoe razvitie» (g. Moskva, 1995) [Materials of the scientific and practical seminar “Socio-cognitive development”]. Moscow, 1995, pp. 63—64.
  29. Freud S. Vvedenie v psikhoanaliz: lektsii [Introduction to Psychoanalysis: Lectures]. Moscow: Nauka, 1989. 456 p. (In Russ.).
  30. Kholmogorova A.B., Klimenkova E.N. Sposobnost’ k empatii v kontekste problemy sub”ektnosti [Empathic ability in the context of the subjectivity problem]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 2017. Vol. 25 (2), pp. 75—93. doi:10.17759/cpp.2017250205. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  31. Kholmogorova A.B., Smirnova N.S. Obrazy znachimykh figur kak regulyatory interpersonal’nykh otnoshenii i emotsional’nogo sostoyaniya u podrostkov iz sotsial’no neblagopoluchnykh semei [Images of significant figures as regulators of interpersonal relations and emotional state in adolescents from socially disadvantaged families]. Defektologiya [Defectology], 2009, no. 1, pp. 85—92.
  32. Chebakova Yu.V., Dunaeva K.A. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti struktury seksual’nosti zhenshchin s narusheniyami mocheispuskaniya v kontekste izmeneniya gendernoi roli [Elektronnyi resurs] [Psychological characteristics of sexuality structure in women with acraturesis in the context of the gender role change]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological Studies], 2014. Vol. 7 (37), pp. 7. Available at: http://psystudy.ru (Accessed: 17.01.2018). (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  33. Chebakova Yu.V., Kharisova R.R., Komolov D.A., Enikolopov S.N. Formirovanie affektivno-kognitivnykh vzaimosvyazei v strukture reprezentatsii tela v kontekste problemy psikhosomaticheskogo razvitiya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Formation of the Affective-Cognitive Representation of Body in the Context of Psychosomatic Development]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial’naya psikhologiya [Clinical Psychology and Special Education], 2016. Vol. 5 (4), pp. 1—25. doi:10.17759/psyclin.2016050401. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  34. Chebakova Yu.V., Chusov A.V., Dunaeva K.A. Struktura i osobennosti gendernoi identichnosti bol’nykh nervnoi anoreksiei [Elektronnyi resurs] [Structure and peculiarities of gender identity in patients with anorexia nervosa]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological Studies], 2012. Vol. 5 (25), pp. 6. Available at: http:// psystudy.ru (Accessed: 30.11.2017). (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  35. El’konin D.B. Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy [Selected psychological works]. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1989. 560 p.
  36. Bakken L., Romig C. Interpersonal needs in middle adolescents: companionship, leadership and intimacy. Journal of Adolescence, 1992. Vol. 15 (3), pp. 301—316. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(92)90032-Z
  37. Barnett M.C. Vaginal awareness in the infancy and childhood of girls. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 1966.Vol. 14 (1), pp. 129—141. doi:10.1177/000306516601400104
  38. Benedek T. The psychobiology of pregnancy. In Anthony E.J., Benedek T. (eds.). Parenthood: Its psychology and psychopathology. Boston: Little Brown & Co, 1970, pp. 137—152.
  39. Bibring G. Some Considerations of the Psychological Processes in Pregnancy. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1959. Vol. 14 (1), pp. 113—121. doi:10.1080/007 97308.1959.11822824
  40. Deutsch H. The psychology of women in relation to the functions of reproduction. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1925. Vol. 6, pp. 405—418.
  41. Douvan E.A.M., Adelson J. The adolescent experience. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1966. 471 p.
  42. Gunderson E.P., Abrams B. Epidemiology of Gestational Weight Gain and Body Weight Changes After Pregnancy. Epidemiologic Reviews, 1999. Vol. 21 (2), pp. 261— 275. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018001
  43. Hart B., Hilton I. Dimensions of personality organization as predictors of teenage pregnancy risk. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1988. Vol. 52 (1), pp. 116—132. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_11
  44. Jones E. The early development of female sexuality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1927. Vol. 8, pp. 459—472.
  45. Kestenberg J. Regression and reintegration in pregnancy. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 1976. Vol. 24, pp. 213—250.
  46. Loevinger J. Ego Development: Conceptions and Theories. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1976. 542 p.
  47. Lytle L.J., Bakken L., Romig C. Adolescent Female Identity Development. Sex Roles, 1999. Vol. 37 (3/4), pp. 175—185. doi:10.1023/A:1025643710311
  48. Marcia J.E. The relational roots of identity. In Kroger J. (ed.). Discussions on ego identity. Hillsdale, New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993, pp. 101—120.
  49. Sander L.W. Polarity, paradox, and the organizing process in development. In Call J.D., Galenson E., Tyson R.L. (eds.). Frontiers of infant psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, 1983, pp. 333—346.
  50. Speier P.L., Mélèse-d’Hospital I.A., Tschann J.M., Moore P.J., Adler N.E. Predicting contraceptive vigilance in adolescent females: A projective method for assessing ego development. Journal of Adolescent Health, 1997. Vol. 20 (1), pp. 14— 19. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00175-9

Information About the Authors

E. S. Mordas, PhD in Psychology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: morkaty@yandex.ru

Rufina R. Kharisova, Research Associate, Laboratory of Experimental and Practical Psychology, Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: checkquality@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 4124
Previous month: 19
Current month: 14

Downloads

Total: 2228
Previous month: 24
Current month: 7