Movement Disorders in the Structure of the Different Mental Processes Types in Child with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare and often relapsing neurologic illness with onset in early childhood. Patients with OMS have longitudinal mental development disturbances and features of emotional and behavioral state. Interruption of the normative mental development is determined by movement disorders (primary defect), which establish new conditions for child's life for a long time. Case study of the child with OMS and the discussion of movement disorders in the structure of the different mental processes types in this disease are presented. Movement disorders (primary defect) and their effects (secondary and other defects) affecting mental development are discussed (based on the levels of movements coordination concept by N.A. Bernstein). The research detects mistmatch between levels of movements coordination (intactness of higher levels and disturbance of lower levels), which important for prospective analysis of the mental disorders mechanisms in children with OMS.

1. Bernshtejn N.A.  Fiziologiya dvizhenii i aktivnosti [Movements Physiology]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990. 494 p.
2.  Vygotskii L.S. Voprosy detskoi psikhologii [Child Psychology Questions]. Saint-Petersburg: Perspektiva, 2018. 224 p.
3. Vygotskii L.S. Sobranie sochinenii: v 6 t. T.4. Detskaya psikhologiya [Collected Works: in 6 vol. Vol.4. Child Psychology]. In D.B. El'konin (ed.). Moscow: Pedagogika, 1984. 432 p.
4. Il'ina E.S., Bobylova M.B. Entsefalopatiya Kinsburna, ili sindrom opsoklonusa-mioklonusa v detskom vozraste [Kinsbourne Encephalopathy or Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome in Children]. Lechashchii vrach=Attending Doctor, 2006, no. 5, pp. 36–38.
5. Karpova S.N., Truve E.I. Psikhologiya rechevogo razvitiya rebenka [Speech Development Psychology in Children]. Rostov-na-Donu: Izdatel'stvo Rostovskogo universiteta. 1987. 96 p.
6. Kliniko-psikhologicheskie osobennosti psikhicheskogo razvitiya detei s opsoklonus-mioklonus-sindromom [The clinical and psychological features of mental development in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome]. In N.S. Burlakova (ed.), Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika=Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics, 2018,
   vol. 10. no. 2, pp. 52–56. DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2018-2-52-56
7. Kotel'nikova A.V., Kukshina A.A. Psikhosotsial'nye faktory kachestva zhizni, svyazannogo so zdorov'em, u bol'nykh s narusheniem dvigatel'nykh funktsii [Elektronnyi resurs] [Psychosocial Factors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Movement Disorders]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya=Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2017, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63–78. DOI: 10.17759/psyclin.2017060105
8. Luriya A.R. Vysshie korkovye funktsii cheloveka [Higher Cortical Functions]. Saint-Petersburg: Piter, 2019. 768 p.
9. Luriya A.R. Etapy proidennogo puti. Nauchnaya avtobiografiya [Stages Traversed Path. Scientific Autobiography]. Moscow: Publ. of MSU, 2001. 192 p.
10. Mamaichuk I.I. Psikhologicheskaya pomoshch' detyam s problemami v razvitii [Psychological Assistance to Children with Developmental Disorders]. Saint-Petersburg: Rech', 2008. 224 p.
11. Opsoklonus-mioklonus sindrom u detei [Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in Children]. In R.Ts.. Bembeeva, et al., Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova=
    S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2007, no. 2, pp. 54–58.
12. Praktikum po patopsikhologii [Pathopsychologists Practical Work]. In
    B.V. Zeigarnik (ed.). Moscow: Publ. of MSU, 1987. 184 p.
13. Protopopova O.V. Motorika i psikhoortopediya [Motility and Psihoortopediya]. In V.V. Lebedinskii (eds.), Psikhologiya anomal'nogo razvitiya rebenka: Khrestomatiya v 2 t. T. 2. [Child Abnormal Development Psychology: Сhrestomathy in 2 vol. Vol. 2]. Moscow: CheRo, MPSI.: Publ. of MSU, 2006. 818 p.
14. Psikhicheskoe razvitie detei s opsoklonus-mioklonus-sindromom s uchetom razlichii v vozraste, vremeni debyuta i sroka techeniya zabolevaniya [Psychological development of children with opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome and its correlation with age and disease onset]. In N.S. Burlakova, et al., Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova=S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2018, vol. 5, no. 118,
    pp. 86–91. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811805286
15. Shnaider N.A., Kantimirova E.A., Ezhikova V.A. Sindrom opsoklonusa–mioklonusa [Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome]. Nervno-myshechnye bolezni=Neuromuscular Diseases, 2013, no. 3, pp. 22–26. DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2013-0-3-22-26
16. Crammond D.J. Motor imagery: Never in your wildest dream. Trends in Neuroscience, 1997, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 54–57.  DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(96)30019-2
17. Effect of Increased Immunosuppression on Developmental Outcome of Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS). In W.G. Mitchell, et al., Journal of Child Neurology, 2015,
    vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 976–982. DOI: 10.1177/0883073814549581
18. Geuze R.H., Kalverboer A.F. Inconsistency and adaptation in timing of clumsy children. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1988, vol. 13, pp. 421–432.
19. Klein A., Schmitt B., Boltshauser E. Long-term outcome of ten children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. European Journal of Pediatrics, 2007, vol. 166, no. 4,
    pp. 359–363. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0247-4
20. Levisohn L., Cronin-Golomb A., Schmahmann J.D. Neuropsychological consequences of cerebellar tumour resection in children: cerebellar affective syndrome in
    a paediatric population. Brain, 2000, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 1041–1050. DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.5.1041
21. Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome: A New Era of Improved Prognosis? In
    A. Galstyan, et al., Pediatric Neurology, 2017, vol. 72, pp. 65–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.03.011
22. Outcome and Prognostic Features in Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome from Infancy to Adult Life. In A. Brunklaus, et al., Pediatrics, 2011, vol. 128, pp. 328–394.
23. Pranzatelli M., Tate E.D., McGee N.R. Multifactorial analysis of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome etiology (“Tumor” vs. “No tumor”) in a cohort of 356 US children. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2018, vol. 65, no. 8. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27097
24. Rösblad B., von Hofsten C. Repetitive goal-directed arm movements in children with developmental coordination disorders: Role of visual information. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 1991, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 190–202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123 /apaq.11.2.190
25. Sensory Processing Difficulties in Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome: A Pilot Project of Presentation and Possible Prevalence. In D. Green, et al., Journal of Child Neurology, 2016, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 965–970. DOI: 10.1177/0883073816634856
26. Smyth T.R. Abnormal clumsiness in children: A defect of motor programming? Child: Care, Health and Development, 1991, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 283–294. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1365-2214.1991.tb00698.x