Personality factors influencing the choice of unsafe behavior in a particularly risky situation

 
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Abstract

Context and relevance. The number of high-risk situations, including man-made ones, is increasing worldwide, and the risk of terrorist threats has grown. One of the main reasons for the increase in accidents is the human factor, the human predisposition to unsafe behavior. Objective: to identify the relationship between personal characteristics and predisposition to unsafe behavior using a natural simulation of a particularly risky situation (declared terrorist threat). Methods and materials. Subjects: 100 people (20.9 ± 1.95 years old), students of the humanities, including 88 girls. Methods: Self-assessment of emotional states by A. Wessman and D. Ricks, Spielberger-Khanin Anxiety Inventory, Questionnaire for assessing the propensity to take risks by G. Schubert, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Methodology for assessing the conscious presence (MAP), Online Stroop test for studying attention, Modeling technique “Assessment of the respondent's predisposition to unsafe behavior in extreme situations: the “Bomb” model. Methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In high-risk situations, situational emotional factors predominantly influence the choice of unsafe behavior. Anger, experienced when confronted with danger, increases the predisposition to unsafe behavior (p < 0.01), while calmness reduces it, and self-reported anxiety increases the predisposition to unsafe behavior (p < 0.05). Gender does not influence the choice of unsafe behavior, but it modulates the effects of other factors: general aggressiveness, anger, reaction speed, energy, and fatigue. Risk propensity, trait anxiety, and awareness of presence were not associated with a predisposition to unsafe behavior. Conclusions. In a situation of announced (but not immediate) short-term danger, situational emotional factors predominantly influence the predisposition to unsafe behavior (for example, anger increases, while calmness decreases, the risk of unsafe actions). A modulating effect of certain variables is also possible.

General Information

Keywords: psychological safety, unsafe behavior, personality, extreme situations, risk propensity, personality traits

Journal rubric: Psychology of Emergency Situations

Article type: research article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/epps.2026030301

Funding. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project number № 25-28-02920.

Acknowledgements. The authors thank K.E. Buzanov, S.G. Boronenko, and G.V. Dutikova for their assistance in collecting data for the study.

Received 11.04.2026

Published

For citation: Berezina, T.N., Tsvetkova, A.S. (2026). Personality factors influencing the choice of unsafe behavior in a particularly risky situation. Extreme Psychology and Personal Safety, 3(3), 10–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/epps.2026030301

© Berezina T.N., Tsvetkova A.S., 2026

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

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Information About the Authors

Tatiana N. Berezina, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Scientific Foundations of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-237X, e-mail: tanberez@list.ru

Alena S. Tsvetkova, student of the faculty of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1107-785X, e-mail: alyona.tsvet@gmail.com

Contribution of the authors

Tatiana N. Berezina — research ideas; annotation, writing, and formatting of the manuscript; study planning; study supervision; application of statistical and mathematical methods for data analysis.

Alena S. Tsvetkova — experiment execution, empirical data collection, and initial data processing.

Both authors participated in the discussion of the results and approved the final text of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics statement

The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Extreme Psychology of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (report no. 12,2025/12/23).

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