Age effect on relationships between inhibitory functions of executive attention system and visual memory

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Abstract

It is known that aging is accompanied by a weakening of the processes of inhibition in the central nervous system, but with a significant individual variability. In connection with this, the purpose of the study was to study the patterns of these age effects using experimental models of executive control of attention and memory. It is shown that relationships between the intelligence, the speed of information selection, the volume of short-term visual memory and the indicator of proactive interference that obtained in twenty-year-old adults are disrupted in the sixty-year-olds. For both age groups, differentiation of memory strategies is characterized by either Retrieval-Induced Forgetting or Retrieval-Based Learning. Young with the dominance of the Retrieval-Induced Forgetting effect differ in higher intelligence from those who are characterized by the predominance of Retrieval-Based Learning strategies, and the elderly — the best executive control of attention. Therefore, despite the positive impact of Retrieval-Based Learning on memory, the effectiveness of cognitive activity in the elderly is more closely related to preserving of inhibitory functions in information interference processes.

General Information

Keywords: inhibition functions of executive control and memory, intelligence, age

Journal rubric: Cognitive Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2019120205

Funding. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 17-06-00166 «Organization of Inhibition Control in Ontogenesis: Importance for Learning and Adaptation»).

For citation: Razumnikova O.M. Age effect on relationships between inhibitory functions of executive attention system and visual memory. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2019. Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 61–74. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2019120205. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

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Information About the Authors

Olga M. Razumnikova, Doctor of Biology, Professor of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogic, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9404, e-mail: razoum@mail.ru

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