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Psychological-Educational Studies
2014. Vol. 6, no. 3, 160–167
https://doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060316
ISSN: 2587-6139 (online)

Trans-identity - the Standards of Diagnostics and Treatment

 
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Abstract

German Society for Sexual Research, Academy of Sexual Medicine and Society of Sexology formulated standards for evaluation and treatment of transsexuals. The creation of the standards involved Sophinette Becker, Hartmut A. G. Bosinski, Ulrich Clement, Wolf Eicher, Thomas M. Goerlich, Uwe Hartmann, Götz Kockott, Dieter Langer, Wilhelm E. Preuss, Gunter Schmidt, Alfred Springer, Reinhard Wille. Since 1980, the Federal Republic of Germany has a law on transsexualism, which regulates the right of the individual to change the sex. However, until now there were no specifically defined standards of assessment and treatment of transsexuals. For the first time, in 1979 Harry Benjamin invited the International Medical Association of Germany to revise the standards of medical care for gender dysphoria. The following standards of assessment and treatment of transsexuals have been developed at a conference convened by the German Society for Research Expert Committee under the leadership of Sophinette Becker. The review of currently valid standards for evaluation and treatment of transgender is the subject of this article.

General Information

Keywords: transsexualism, trans-identity, gender, hormonal therapy, differential diagnosis, intersexual syndrome, somatic treatment, psychotherapeutic support, expert evaluation, the law on gender change

Journal rubric: Juridical Psychology

OpenAlex citations: 1

OpenAlex trends: Medical and Health Sciences Research, LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy, Medical History and Research

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Number of citations: 1

Topics

Medical and Health Sciences Research

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of ethical and legal issues in medicine, including patient rights, reproductive medicine, healthcare law, informed consent, end-of-life care, bioethics, telemedicine, genetic testing, and physician liability.

Number of works: 291008  |  Total number of citations: 194957

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LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy

This cluster of papers explores the intersectionality of LGBTQ+ identities and its impact on mental health, stigma, discrimination, and health disparities. It delves into the complexities of gender identity, social stress, and minority stress within the LGBTQ+ community, providing a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges faced by individuals with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.

Number of works: 104878  |  Total number of citations: 1402730

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Medical History and Research

This cluster of papers explores the history, impact, and ethical implications of the eugenics movement, particularly during the Nazi era. It delves into topics such as genetics, race hygiene, medical ethics, sterilization, anatomy, social reform, and psychiatry. The papers provide insights into the dark legacy of eugenics and its lasting effects on society.

Number of works: 161046  |  Total number of citations: 216119

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Work details in OpenAlex

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060316

Published

For citation: Gessmann, H. (2014). Trans-identity - the Standards of Diagnostics and Treatment. Psychological Science and Education psyedu.ru, 6(3), 160–167. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060316

© Gessmann H., 2014

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

References

  1. Becker S., Bosinski H.A.G., Clement U. at al. Standards der Behandlung und Begutachtung von Transsexuellen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sexualforschung der Akademie für Sexualmedizin und der Gesellschaft für Sexualwissenschaft. Sexualforsch,  1997. Vol. 10, pp. 147–156.
  2. Becker S. Es gibt kein richtiges Leben im Falschen. Antwort auf die Kritik an den „Standards der Behandlung und Begutachtung von Transsexuellen“. Sexualforsch, 1998. Vol. 11, pp.155–162.
  3. Bosinski H.A.G. Geschlechtsidentitätsstörungen im Kindesalter. Lauth G. W., Brack U., Linderkamp F. (Hrsg.): Praxishandbuch: Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Weinheim: Beltz-PVU. 2001, pp. 265–274.
  4. Bosinski H.A.G. Frau-zu-Mann-Transsexualismus: Ein biopsychosozialer Erklärungsansatz. Humanontogenetik, 2000. Vol. 2, pp. 69–86.
  5. Bosinski H.A.G. Diagnostische und arztrechtliche Probleme bei transsexuellen Geschlechtsidentitätsstörungen. Urologie, 2003. Vol. 42, pp. 709–721.
  6. Bosinski H.A.G. Determinanten der Geschlechtsidentität – Neue Befunde zu einem alten Streit. Sexuologie, 2000. Vol.7, pp. 96–140.
  7. Bosinski H.A.G. Transsexuelle Geschlechtsidentitätsstörungen. Psychotherapie, 2000. Vol. 5, pp. 270–276.
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  9. Eicher W. Transsexualismus. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Geschlechtsumwandlung. Frankfurt: Fischer Verlag. 1992. 195 p.
  10. Hartmann U. (Hrsg.) Sexuelle Störungen. Stand der Diagnostik und Therapie. Melsungen: notame. 1991. 63 p.
  11. Hartmann U., Becker H. Störungen der Geschlechtsidentität. Ursachen, Verlauf, Therapie. Wien: Springer. 2002. 280 p.
  12. Kockott G. Die Sexualität des Menschen. München: C.H. Beck,1995. 123 p.
  13. Pfäfflin F. Begutachtung der Transsexualität. Foerster K. (Hrsg.): Psychiatrische Begutachtung. München: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 525–538.
  14. Sieß G. Die Änderung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit. Das Transsexuellengesetz und seine praktische Anwendung in der Freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre. 316 p.
  15. Wille R. Betreuungsinstitutionen für psychisch Kranke und psychosozial Gestörte im Lande Schleswig-Holstein (mit Ulrich Boeters, Friedrich Eckmann).  Köln: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag. 1976. 230 p.
  16. Wille R. Zur Therapie von sexuell Devianten. Berlin: Diesbach, 1990. 112 p.

Information About the Authors

Hans-Werner Gessmann, Doctor of Clinical Psychology, Director of the Center of Excellence, Diagnostics and Therapy, University of California, Psychotherapy Institute Bergerhausen (Duisburg, Germany), Duisburg, Germany, e-mail: h.w.gessmann@gmail.com

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