Psychology of high risk driving (review of foreign studies)

The article presents a brief review of foreign theoretical concepts, empirical data and methodological approaches to the problem of high risk driving. There were defined and described the factors of dangerous driving: factors of external environment and internal factors, including age, fatigue, use of medications, alcohol and drugs, personal styles, impaired sensory analyzers, neurological and cognitive disorders, emotional states, styles of responding to stress. Emphasizes the role of reduction of cognitive functioning, acquired brain injury, persistent or progressive neurological diseases, and acquired somatic disorders. The outline of its main models of driving: motivational, models of information processing, hierarchical management model. A separate section of the article focuses on cognitive factors, describes a wide spectrum of disorders of cognitive functions that may potentially impair driving safety. The theoretical and methodological grounds and empirical studies of cognitive functioning are described. Discuss prospects and limitations in studies of cognitive functioning, the predictive value of some tests, including neuropsychological. The conclusion made about the need for standardization and validation the Protocol of assessment drivers and candidates for drivers, also the necessity of the introduction of a common approach for all medical workers and specialists of nonmedical profile, in order to overcome the existing differences in estimates in the implementation of medical examination, expert activity and enforcement.

1. Mjalkin V.A. Kompleksnyj harakter jekspertnoj psihologicheskoj ocenki sostojanija lic, sovershivshih DTP [The Complex nature of the expert psychological evaluation state of the perpetrators of the accident]. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii Kochenovskie chtenija «Psihologija i pravo v sovremennoj Rossii». [Proceedings of scientific-practical conference Kochanowska reading “Psychology and law in contemporary Russia”]. Moscow, 2012.
2. Osnovnye vidy psihologicheskih oshibok v processe vozhdenija: Primenenie APK testirovanija i razvitija psihofiziologicheskih kachestv voditelej v uchebnom processe avtoshkol [Elektronnyi resurs]. [Principal psychological errors in the driving process: Application APK to test and develop the physiological qualities of the drivers in the educational process of schools]. ZAO «NEJROKOM» [ZAO «NEYROKOM»]. Moscow: official site ZAO «NEJROKOM». URL: http://www.neurocom.ru/pdf/press/avtoshkola.pdf (Accessed 17.04.2016).
3. Pravovaja zashhita avtoljubitelja: Statistika DTP v Rossii 2015 [Elektronnyj resurs] [Legal protection of the motorist: accident Statistics in Russia 2015]. Pravovaja zashhita avtoljubitelej [Legal protection of motorists]. Saint-Petersburg: web site vashamashina.ru. URL: http://www.vashamashina.ru/statistics_traffic_accident.html (Accessed 17.04.2016).
4. Shipshin S.S. Sudebno-psihologicheskaja jekspertiza psihicheskogo sostojanija voditelja po delam o dorozhno-transportnyh proisshestvijah. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Judicial-psychological examination of the mental state of the driver in cases of road traffic accidents. Ph. D. (Psychology) Thesis] Moscow, 1998. 236 p.
5. Baddeley A. Human Memory: Theory and Practice. Revised Edition. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press Ltd, 1997. 423 p.
6. Baddeley A. Working Memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. 304 p.
7. Broadbent D.E., Broadbent M.H., Jones J.L. Performance correlates of self- reported cognitive failure and of obsessionality. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1986. Vol. 25, pp. 285–299.
8. Brouwer W.H., Withaar F.K. Fitness to drive after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1997.Vol. 73, pp. 177–193.
9. Cohen J.T. Graham J.D. A revised economic analysis of restrictions on the use of cell phones while driving. Risk Analysis, 2003. Vol. 23, pp. 5–17.
10. Crawford J.R. Introduction to the assessment of attention and executive functioning. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1998. Vol. 83, pp. 209–211.
11. Dahlen E., Martin R., Ragan K., Kuhlman, M. Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2005. Vol. 37, pp. 341—348.
12. Drews F.A., Pasupathi M., Strayer D.L. Passenger and cell phone conversations in simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2008. Vol. 14, pp. 392–400.
13. Dula C., Martin B., Fox R., Leonard R. Can you hear me now? Relationship between conversation types and dangerous driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2011. Vol. 43 (1), pp. 187–193.
14. Dula C.S., Geller E.S. Risky, aggressive, or emotional driving: Addressing the need for consistent communication in research. Journal of Safety Research, 2003. Vol. 34, pp. 559–566.
15. DuPaul G., Power T., Anastopoulos A., Reid R. ADHD Rating Scale-IV; Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1998. 80 p.
16. Engum E.S., Cron L., Hulse C.K., Pendergrass T.M., Lambert W. Cognitive behavioral driver's inventory. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 1988. Vol. 65, pp. 34–50.
17. Fischer M., Barkley R., Smallish L., Fletcher K. Hyperactive children as young adults: Driving abilities, safe driving behavior, and adverse driving outcomes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2007. Vol. 39, pp. 94–105.
18. Fox G.K., Bashford G.M., Caust S.L. Identifying safe versus unsafe drivers following brain impairment: The Coorabel Programme. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1992.Vol. 14 (3), pp. 140–145.
19. Fox G.K., Bowden S.C, Smith D.S. On-road assessment of driving competence after brain impairment: Review of current practice and recommendations for a standardized examination. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 1998.Vol. 79 (10), pp. 1288–1296.
20. Galski T., Ehle H.T., Williams J.B. Estimates of driving abilities and skills in different conditions. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1998.Vol. 52 (4), pp. 268–275.
21. Gouvier W.D., Maxfield M.W., Schweitzer J.R., Horton C.R. Shipp M., Neilson K., Hale P. Psychometric prediction of driving performance among the disabled. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1989. Vol. 70, pp. 745–750.
22. Groupe de Reflexionsurl' Evaluation des Fonctions Executives. The Evaluation of executive functions in clinical practice. Revue de Neuropsychologic, 2001. Vol. 11 (3), pp. 383–434.
23. Halvari H., Gjesme T. Trait and state anxiety before and after competitive performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills,1995. Vol. 81 (3), pt. 2, pp. 1059–1070.
24. Handler B.S., Patterson J.B. Driving after brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation, 1995. April/Mav/June, pp. 43–49.
25. Hopewell C.A. Driving assessment issues for practicing clinicians. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2002. Vol. 17 (1), pp. 48–59.
26. Hunt L.A., Murphy C.F., Carr D., Duchek J.M., Buckles V., Morris J.C. Reliability of the Washington University Road Test. Archives of Neurology, 1993.Vol. 54, pp. 707–712.
27. Iversen H., Rundmo T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2002. Vol. 33, pp. 1251–1263.
28. Janelle C.M., Singer R.N., Williams A.M. External distraction and attentional narrowing: visual search evidence. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1999. Vol. 21, pp. 70–91.
29. Jonah B.A. Sensation seeking and risky driving: A review and synthesis of the literature. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1997.Vol. 29 (5), pp. 651–655.
30. Lambert E.W., Engum E.S. Construct validity of the cognitive behavioral drivers' inventory: age, diagnosis and driving ability. Cognitive Rehabilitation, 1992.May/June, pp. 32–45.
31. Lansdown T.C, Fowkes M., Wierwille W.W., Tijerina L. Workload demands of in vehicle displays, in Vision In Vehicles VI by Gale A.G. Ed; Brown, I.D. Ed. Oxford, England UK: AnonimaRomana,1998, pp.215–243.
32. Larson G.E., Alderton D.L., Neideffer M., Underhill, E. Further evidence of dimensionality and correlates of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology, 1997. Vol. 88, pp. 29–38.
33. Lehto M.R. A proposed conceptual model of human behavior and its implications for designs of warnings. Perceptual Motor Skills, 1991. Vol. 73, pp. 595–611.
34. Lezak M.D. Neuropsychological Assessment, 2nd edition. NY: Oxford University Press, 1983. 1026 p.
35. Lezak M.D. Neuropsychological Assessment, 3rd edition. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. 768 p.
36. Lundberg C., Hakamies-Blomqvist L., Almkvis O., Johansson K. Impairments of some cognitive functions are common in crash-involved older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 1998. Vol. 30 (3), pp. 371–377.
37. Luria A.R. Higher Cortical Functionings in Man. New York: Basic, 1966. 513 p.
38. Massie D.L., Campbell K.L., Williams A.F. Traffic accident involvement rates by driver age and gender. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1995.Vol. 27 (1), pp. 73–78.
39. Mathews G. Driver Stress and Performance on a Driving Simulator. Human Factors, 1998.Vol. 40 (1), March, pp. 136–149.
40. Maxwell J.P., Grant S., Lipkin, S. Further validation of the Propensity for Angry Driving Scale in British drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 2005. Vol. 38, pp. 213–224.
41. McKnight A.J., McKnight A.S. The effect of cellular phone use on driver attention. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1993. Vol. 25, pp. 259–265.
42. Michon J.A. A critical view of driver behavior models: what do we know, what should we do? In: Evans L., Schwing R. Eds Human Behaviour and Traffic Safety. N.Y.: Plenum Press, 1985. P. 485–520.
43. Milosevic S. Drivers' fatigue studies. Ergonomics, 1997.Vol. 40 (3), pp. 381–389.
44. Mobini S., Pearce M., Grant A., Mills J., Yeomans M.R. The relationship between cognitive distortions, impulsivity, and sensation seeking in a non-clinical population sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 2006. Vol. 40, pp. 1153–1163.
45. Moeller C.W., Barratt E.S., Dougherty D.M., Schmitz J.M., Swann A.C. Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2001. Vol. 158, pp. 1783–1793.
46. Molen H.H., van der Botticher A.M. Risk models for traffic participants: A concerted effort for theoretical operationalization. In: Rothengatter J.A., de Bruin R.A-, eds. Road users and traffic safety. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1987. 187 p.
47. Mori Y., Mizohata M. Characteristics of older road users and their effect on road safety. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1995. Vol. 27 (3), pp. 391–404.
48. Naatanen R., Summala H. Road User Behavior and Traffic Accidents. New York: North Holland Publishing Company, 1976. 140 p.
49. Odenheimer G.L., Beaudet M., Jette A.M., Albert M.S., Grande L., Minaker K.L. Performance-based driving evaluation of the elderly driver: safety, reliability, and validity. Journal of Gerontology, 1994.Vol. 49 (4), pp. 153–159.
50. Perry A.R., Baldwin D.A. Further evidence of associations of Type A personality scores and driving-related attitudes and behaviors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2000. Vol. 91, pp. 147–154.
51. Ranney T.A. Models of driving behavior: a review of their evolution. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1994.Vol. 26 (6), pp. 733–750.
52. Rasmussen J. The definition of human error and a taxonomy for technical system design. In Rasmussen J., Duncan K., Leplar J.Eds. New Technology and Human Error. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 1987.
53. Redelmeier D.A., Tibshirani R.J. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1997. Vol. 336, pp. 453–458.
54. Rey A. L'examenclinique en psychologic. Paris: Presse Unversitaire de France, 1958. 340 p.
55. Rimmo P.A., Aberg L. On the distinction violations and errors: Sensation seeking associations. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 1999. Vol. 2, pp. 151–166.
56. Rockwell T. Skills, judgement and information acquisition in driving. In: Forbes T.W. Ed Human Factors In Highway Traffic Safety Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1972. P. 106–120.
57. Rothengatter T. Risk and the absence of pleasure: A motivation approach to modelling road user behavior. Ergonomics, 1988.Vol. 31, pp. 599–607.
58. Ryan G.A., Legge M., Rosman D. Age-related changes in drivers' crash risk and crash type. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998.Vol. 30 (3), pp. 379–387.
59. Schaie K.W. Intellectual development in adulthood. In Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 4th edn. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996, p. 266–286.
60. Schneider W., Shiffen R.M. Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection search and attention. Psychological Review, 1977.Vol. 84, pp. 1–54.
61. Shallice T. Specific impairments of planning. In: Broadbent D.E., Weiskrantz L. eds. The Neuropsychology of Cognitive Function. London: The Royal Society, 1982, p. 199–229.
62. Shinar D. Traffic safety and individual differences in driver’s attention and information processing capacity. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving, 1993. Vol. 9, pp. 219–237.
63. Strayer D.L., Drews F.A., Albert R.W., Johnston W.A. Cell phone-induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2003. Vol. 9, pp. 23–32.
64. Strohbeck-Kuhner P. Test anxiety in driving-fitness appraisals: the anxiety performance relationship. Zeitschrift fur Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 1999.Vol. 20 (1), pp. 39–57.
65. Summala H. Risk control is not risk adjustment: The zero-risk theory of driver behaviour and its implications. Ergonomics, 1988.Vol. 31, pp. 491-506.
66. Sweeney-Burton C. Effects of self-relations techniques training on performance anxiety and on performance quality in a music performance condition. Dissertation Abstracts International, A Humanities and Social Sciences. US: University Microfilms International, 1998. 81 p.
67. Thompson A., Molina B., Pelham W., Gnagy E. Risky driving in adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2007. Vol. 32, pp. 745–759.
68. Van Zomeren A.H., Brouwer W.H., Rothengatter J., Snoek J. Fitness to drive a car after recovery from severe head injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, 1988.Vol. 6 (9), pp. 90–96.
69. Wallace R.B. Cognitive change, medical illness, and crash risk among older drivers: an epidemiological consideration. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 1997, p. 31–37.
70. Walsh K.W. Frontal lobe problems. In G.V. Stanley, K.W. Walsh eds. Brain Impairment. Proceedings of the 1976 Brain Impairment Workshop. Parkville, Victoria, Australia: Neuropsychology Group, Dept. of Psychology, University of Melbourne, 1978. P. 62–70.
71. Wilson F.A., Stimpson J.P. Trends in fatalities from distracted driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008. American Journal of Public Health, 2010. Vol. 100, pp. 2213–2219.
72. Withaar F.K., Brouwer W.H., van Zomeren A.H. Fitness to drive in older drivers with cognitive impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2000. Vol. 6, pp. 480–490.
73. Woodruff-Pak D.S. The Neuropsychology of Aging. USA: Blackwell ell Publishers Inc, 1997. 372 p.

PlumX

article metrics