The Organizational Cynicism Scale: an Adaptation on the Russian-Speaking Sample

392

Abstract

Objective. An adaptation of the Russian version of the Organizational Cynicism Scale, which has been used worldwide for more than twenty years.Background. Life in organizations is one of the most important aspects of human social life. The challenges of maintaining organizational resilience and a healthy organizational culture, as well as considering the needs of workers and respecting their personality and psychological well-being, require reliable, valid, convenient, and concise tools for assessing the working environment. The Organizational Cynicism Scale is one of the most authoritative methods for dealing with these problems.Study design. The study was conducted according to the correlation plan; the data was collected online using the 1ka.si service.Participants. The study sample included 424 respondents: 296 women (69,80%), 128 men (30,20%). Age from 19 to 84 years (Mage=40). Average experience of respondents — 16,76 years; predominantly Russian citizens (N=385; 90%), representatives of various professional fields.Measurements. We used the target methodology — the scale of organizational cynicism and auxiliary methodology — the scale of commitment to the office. EFA and CFA, examining reliability due to Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and correlation analysis were used. SPSS 19.0 and AMOS programs were used for data processing.Results. Good results of CFA have indicated the structure identical to the original one (three subscales — Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral aspects of organizational cynicism). The structural, convergent and partially content validity of the scale was confirmed. There were no gender differences in the scale scores; there is a negative age trend found.Conclusions. The Russian-language adaptation of the Organizational Cynicism Scale is a valid and reliable tool and can be recommended for solving various problems of organizational psychology.

General Information

Keywords: organizational cynicism, questionnaire, adaptation of the questionnaire, validity, reliability, CFA, commitment to the office, organizational psychology

Journal rubric: Methodological Tools

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130311

Funding. This research is supported by the Faculty of Social Sciences, HSE University.

Received: 28.02.2022

Accepted:

For citation: Pavlova M.V., Dzyubenko M.M., Nartova-Bochaver S.K. The Organizational Cynicism Scale: an Adaptation on the Russian-Speaking Sample. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2022. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 184–200. DOI: 10.17759/sps.2022130311. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Antonova N.V. Vnutrennii imidzh i organizatsionnaya loyal’nost’ v kompaniyakh s raznym urovnem sotsial’noi zashchishchennosti sotrudnikov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Internal image and organizational loyalty in companies with different levels of social protection of employees]. Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya = Organizational Psychology, 2017. Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 66—85. URL: https://orgpsyjournal.hse.ru/en/2017-7-2/206997020.html (Accessed 08.02.2022). (In Russ.).
  2. Pavlova M.V., Nartova-Bochaver S.K. Rutinnye (obydennye) tekhniki samopomoshchi v ofise: na primere masterskoi arkhitektorov [Elektronnyi resurs] [Routine self-help behaviors of employees (in case of Architect offices)]. Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya = Organizational Psychology, 2020. Vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 164—184. URL: https://orgpsyjournal.hse.ru/en/2020-10-3/401770385.html (Accessed 08.02.2022). (In Russ.).
  3. Bochaver K.A., Danilov A.B., Nartova-Bochaver S.K., Kvitchastyi A.V., Gavrilova O.Y., Zyazina N. Future of Salutogenic Approach to Prevention of Burnout Syndrome in Russian Physicians [Elektronnyi resurs]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial’naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2019. Vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 58—77. DOI:10.17759/psyclin.2019080104 (In Russ.).
  4. Abraham R. Organizational cynicism: bases and consequences. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs. 2000. Vol. 126. № 3. Р. 269—292. PMID: 10950198
  5. Ahmet A.Y.I.K. Examining the Relationship between Mobbing and Organizational Cynicism // International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies. 2022. Vol. 10. № 2. P. 102—109.
  6. Al-Atwi A.A. Interpretation of the phenomenon of organizational cynicism in organizations through the interconnection of the processes of psychological contract and internal respect, an analytical study of the views of a sample of workers in the Muthanna Cement Plant // AL-Qadisiyah Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences. 2012. Vol. 13. № 2. P. 8—48.
  7. Andersson L.M., Bateman T.S. Cynicism in the workplace: some causes and effects // Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1997. Vol. 18. № 5. Р. 449—469. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099- 1379(199709)18:5<449::AID-JOB808>3.0.CO;2-O
  8. Arslan M. Organizational cynicism and employee performance: Moderating role of employee engagement // Journal of Global Responsibility. 2018. Vol. 9. № 4. Р. 415—431. DOI:10.1108/ JGR-05-2018-0014
  9. Bang H., Reio Jr.T.G. Examining the role of cynicism in the relationships between burnout and employee behavior // Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 2017. Vol. 33. № 3. P. 217— 228. DOI:10.1016/j.rpto.2017.07.002
  10. Bellini D., Ramaci T., Bonaiuto M. The Restorative Effect of the Environment on Organizational Cynicism and Work Engagement // Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies. 2015. Vol. 3. № 3. P. 124—135. DOI:10.4236/jhrss.2015.33017
  11. Bommer W.H., Rich G.A., Rubin R.S. Changing attitudes about change: Longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change // J. Organ. 2005. Vol. 26. Р. 733—753. DOI:10.1002/job.342
  12. Bonaiuto M., Fornara F., Bonnes M. Perceived residential environment quality in middle-and low-extension Italian cities // European Review of Applied Psychology. 2006. Vol. 56. № 1. Р. 23— 34. DOI:10.1016/j.erap.2005.02.01
  13. Brandes P., Dharwadkar R., Dean J. Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisior Perspectives on Work Outcomes. The 36th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Academy of Management. 1999. Р. 1—33.
  14. Dean J.W., Brandes P., Dharwadkar R. Organizational Cynicism // The Academy of Management Review. 1998. Vol. 23. № 2. Р. 341—352. DOI:10.2307/259378
  15. Dimgba C.M., Ikon M.A., Onwuchekwa F.C. Organizational cynicism and employee performance of logistics companies in Southwest Nigeria // European Journal of Business and Innovation Research. 2022. Vol. 10. № 1. P. 18—33.
  16. Durrah O., Chaudhary M., Gharib M. Organizational Cynicism and Its Impact on Organizational Pride in Industrial Organizations // Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019. Vol. 16. № 7. P. 1203. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16071203
  17. Erarslan S., Kaya K., Altindag E. Effect of organizational cynicism and job satisfaction on organizational commitment: An empirical study on banking sector // J. Fac. Econ. Adm. Sci. 2018. Vol. 23. Р. 905—922. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1036315 (Accessed 01.01.2022).
  18. Erdoğan P., Tekin I.Ç. An examination of organizational cynicism in healthcare professionals in term of gender: A meta-analysis study // Conference: 3rd International NEW YORK Conference on Evolving trends in Interdisciplinary Research and Practices. Available at: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/348705577_ (Accessed 16.02.2022).
  19. Fernández J.C.R., Moreno O.C.M., Merlano A.F. Organizational cynicism-An exploration analysis-case: Workers in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) // Revista Espacios. 2018. Vol. 39. № 26. P. 1—16. Available at: http://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n26/a18v39n26p27. pdf (Accessed 16.02.2022).
  20. Hofstede Insights. Country-comparison. Russia. Available at: https://www.hofstede-insights. com/country-comparison/russia/ (Accessed 17.02.2022).
  21. Hussain S., Shahzad K. Unpacking perceived organizational justice-organizational cynicism relationship: Moderating role of psychological capital // Asia Pacific Management Review. 2022. Vol. 27. № 1. P. 10—17. DOI:10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.03.005
  22. Ivanoff D., Podolskiy D. Upravlenie rabochey sredoy: nedavnie vyzovy i budushchie tendentsii organizatsionnoy psikhologii [Workspace environment management: recent challenges and future trends for organizational psychology] // Organizacionnaâ psihologiâ (Organizational Psychology). 2021. Vol. 11. № 4. P. 190—202.
  23. Kalaǧan G., Aksu M.B. Organizational cynicism of the research assistants: A case of Akdeniz University // In Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010. Vol. 2. P. 4820—4825. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.777
  24. Kaygin E., Yilmaz T., Gulluce A.C., Salik N. A research for determining the relationship between the organizational cynicism and the organizational commitment // Management and Organizational Studies. 2017. Vol. 4. № 1. P. 1—9. DOI:10.5430/mos.v4n1p1
  25. Kim S., Jung K., Noh G., Kang L.K. What makes employees cynical in public organizations? Antecedents of organizational cynicism // Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal. 2019. Vol. 47. № 6. e8011. DOI:10.2224/sbp.8011
  26. Kökalan Ö. The effect of organizational cynicism on job satisfaction: Testing the mediational role of perceived organizational spirituality // Management Research Review. 2019. Vol. 42. № 5. P. 625—640. DOI:10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0090
  27. Korpela K., Hartig T. Restorative qualities of favorite places // Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1996. Vol. 16. № 3. P. 221—233. DOI:10.1006/jevp.1996.0018
  28. Kwantes C.T., Bond M.H. Organizational justice and autonomy as moderators of the relationship between social and organizational cynicism // Personality and Individual Differences, 2019. Article 109391. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.046
  29. Li S., Chen Y. The relationship between psychological contract breach and employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: the mediating effect of organizational cynicism and work alienation // Frontiers in Psychology. 2018. Vol. 9. 1273. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01273
  30. Nafei W., Kaifi B. The impact of organizational cynicism on organizational commitment: An applied study on teaching hospitals in Egypt // Eur. J. Bus. Manag. 2013. Vol. 5. № 12. P. 131— 147. Available at: https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/5824 (Accessed 01.01.2022).
  31. Naseer S., Raja U., Syed F., Baig M.U.A. When and why organizational cynicism leads to CWBs // Personnel Review. 2020. Vol. 50. № 1. P. 90—107. DOI:10.1108/PR-09-2019-0480
  32. O’Connell B.J., Holzman H.H., Armandi B.R. Police cynicism and the modes of adaptation // Journal of Police Science and Administration. 1986. Vol. 14. № 4. Р. 307—313. Available at: https:// www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/police-cynicism-and-modes-adaptation (Accessed 01.01.2022).
  33. Pfrombeck J., Doden W., Grote G., Feierabend A. A study of organizational cynicism and how it is affected by social exchange relationships at work // Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2020. Vol. 93. № 3. Р. 578—604. DOI:10.1111/joop.12306
  34. Putrie H.C., Faraz F. Organizational cynicism reviewed from work stress to shipping employee organization support // Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi. 2022. Vol. 11. № 1. P. 79—88.
  35. Qian Y., Jian G. Ethical leadership and organizational cynicism: the mediating role of leader-member exchange and organizational identification // Corporate Communications: An International Journal. 2020. Vol. 25. № 2. Р. 207—226. DOI:10.1108/CCIJ-06-2019-0069
  36. Rayan A.R.M., Aly N.A.M., Abdelgalil A.M. Organizational Cynicism and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: An Empirical Study // European Journal of Business and Management. 2018. Vol. 10. № 27. P. 70—79.
  37. Rehan M., Iqbal M., Fatim A., Nawabl S. Organizational cynicism and its relationship with employee’s performance in teaching hospitals of Pakistan // Int. J. Econ. Sci. 2017. Vol. 6. P. 1—6. DOI:10.4172/2162-6359.1000413
  38. Reichers A.E., Wanous J.P., Austin J.T. Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change // Academy of Management Perspectives. 1997. Vol. 11. № 1. Р. 48—59. DOI:10.5465/ame.1997.9707100659
  39. Robinson O.C., Lopez F.G., Ramos K., Nartova-Bochaver S. Authenticity, social context, and well-being in the United States, England, and Russia: A three country comparative analysis // Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2013. Vol. 44. № 5. Р. 719—737. DOI:10.1177/0022022112465672
  40. Rubin R.S., Dierdorff E.C., Bommer W.H., Baldwin T.T. Do leaders reap what they sow? Leader and employee outcomes of leader organizational cynicism about change // The Leadership Quarterly. 2009. Vol. 20. № 5. P. 680—688. DOI:10.1016/J.LEAQUA.2009.06.002
  41. Sguera F., Patient D., Diehl M.R., Bobocel R. Thank you for the bad news: Reducing cynicism in highly identified employees during adverse organizational change // Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2022. Vol. 95. № 1. P. 90—130.
  42. Sivuk D., Gedik Ö., Refika Ü.L.K.E. The role of organizational cynicism in determining attitudes regarding the gender role of healthcare professionals // Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership. 2022. № 1. P. 30—47.
  43. Wild D., Grove A., Martin M., Eremenco S., McElroy S., Verjee-Lorenz A., Erikson P. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation // Value in Health. 2005. Vol. 8. № 2. Р. 94—104. DOI:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x
  44. Yang C., Chen Y., Roy X.Z., Mattila A.S. Unfolding deconstructive effects of negative shocks on psychological contract violation, organizational cynicism, and turnover intention // International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2020. Vol. 89. 102591. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102591
  45. Yasin T., Khalid S. Organizational cynicism, work related quality of life and organizational commitment in employees // Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS). 2015. Vol. 9. № 2. Р. 568—582.

Information About the Authors

Milada V. Pavlova, PHD student, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Higher School of Economics University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-3833, e-mail: arch_dom@mail.ru

Maria M. Dzyubenko, Senior Coordinator of Educational Programs, TalentCode Ltd; Master student at the Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0445-6764, e-mail: mmdzyubenko@mail.ru

Sofya K. Nartova-Bochaver, Doctor of Psychology, Professor of the Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-4154, e-mail: s-nartova@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 1037
Previous month: 53
Current month: 16

Downloads

Total: 392
Previous month: 13
Current month: 5