A Short Version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale: Psychometric Verification in Russian Culture

43

Abstract

Objective. Psychometric validation of the Russian-language short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale (AIRS), which allows you to assess the degree of authenticity in various contexts: partners, parents, friends and colleagues.
Background. The basis of close relationships as an absolute value for different cultures is honest self-presentation, which contributes to a person’s psychological well-being and increases satisfaction with communication. Authentic relationships include unacceptability of deception and intimate risk taking. In authentic relationships, there should be no desire to produce and maintain ideas about oneself and one’s partner that do not correspond to reality. They also imply a desire for more open, close communication, i.e., revealing one’s real self to another person. To measure this quality, the Authenticity in Relationships Scale was developed in the USA and GB, which has not yet been subjected to systematic psychometric testing, although there are no analogues to this instrument in Russia, which determined the relevance of this study. Study design. Standard psychometric validation of the methodology was carried out for each of the four contexts: partners, parents, friends, colleagues. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was analyzed on the full sample of respondents; half of the respondents’ answers were selected for exploratory factor analysis, the other half for confirmatory factor analysis.
Participants. The study involved 449 respondents aged 18 to 60 years (10% male, 90% female; average age – 27 years (min = 17, max = 60)). The study participants are Russian–speaking citizens of the Russian Federation, representatives of different professions.
Measurements. The main method was a short version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale, which included 10 statements for each context. Data were collected online using the 1ka.si service. Jamovi (v. 2.3.21.0) was used for data processing.
Results. The scale is applicable only to the context of a romantic relationship. For other contexts, the original model has not been confirmed.
Conclusions. The methodology can be applied in research and in psychological counseling to study the authenticity level of romantic relationships. The scale's applicability to other social contexts requires further testing.

General Information

Keywords: authentic relationships; dispositional authenticity; romantic relationships; close relationships; AIRS; validity; youth

Journal rubric: Methodological Tools

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2024150311

Funding. The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project № 20-18-00262, https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-45003/.

Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful for the help in analyzing the data of S.I. Reznichenko.

Received: 08.12.2023

Accepted:

For citation: Borisova A.Y., Nartova-Bochaver S.K. A Short Version of the Authenticity in Relationships Scale: Psychometric Verification in Russian Culture. Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2024. Vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 181–201. DOI: 10.17759/sps.2024150311. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

 

  1. Vinnikott D.V. Iskazhenie Ego v terminakh istinnogo i lozhnogo Ya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Distortion of the Ego in terms of the true and false Self]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling psychology and psychotherapy, 2006. Vol. 14, no. 1. Available at: https:// psyjournals.ru/journals/cpp/archive/2006_n1/1721 (Accessed 20.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  2. Edamova A.Yu. Autentichnye otnosheniya: obzor zarubezhnykh issledovanii [Elektronnyi resurs] [Authentic relationships: a review of foreign studies]. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya = Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2023. Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 109—118. DOI:10.17759/jmfp.2023120112 (In Russ.).
  3. Nartova-Bochaver S.K., Bairamyan R.M., Chulyukin K.S., Erofeeva V.G. Chto znachit byt’ samim soboi: povsednevnye predstavleniya ob autentichnosti sredi detei mladshego shkol’nogo vozrasta i podrostkov v Rossii [Elektronnyi resurs] [What it means to be yourself: everyday ideas about authenticity among younger schoolchildren and teenagers in Russia]. Psikhologiya v Rossii = Psychology in Russia, 2021, no. 3. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=49441816 (Accessed 21.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  4. Nartova-Bochaver S.K., Korneev A.A., Reznichenko S.I. Kratkaya versiya oprosnika autentichnosti Kernisa-Goldmana: adaptatsiya v Rossii [Elektronnyi resurs] [A short version of the Kernis-Goldman authenticity inventory: adaptation in Russia]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling psychology and psychotherapy, 2022. Vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 150—171. DOI:10.17759/cpp.2022300309 (In Russ.).
  5. Petrovskii V.A. Artur Vladimirovich Petrovskii: ipostasi avtorstva [Elektronnyi resurs] [Artur Vladimirovich Petrovsky: hypostases of authorship]. Razvitie lichnosti = Development of personality, 2014, no. 2. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/artur-vladimirovich-petrovskiy-ipostasi-avtorstva (Accessed 28.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  6. Rodzhers K. Neskol’ko vazhnykh otkrytii [Several important discoveries]. Per. s angl.: Gavrilova T.P. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Moscow University. Seriya 14: Psikhologiya, 1990, no. 2, pp. 58—65.
  7. Sabel’nikova N.V., Kashirskii D.V. Oprosnik privyazannosti k blizkim lyudyam [Elektronnyi resurs] [Attachment to close people questionnaire]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal = Psychological Journal, 2015. Vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 84—97. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24001562 (Accessed 05.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  8. Stankovskaya E.B., Khokhlacheva A.V. Emotsional’naya blizost’: fenomenologicheskii otklik intersub”ektivnosti [Elektronnyi resurs] [Emotional intimacy: the phenomenological response of intersubjectivity]. Mir psikhologii = World of psychology, 2019, no. 1, pp. 142—152. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38469498 (Accessed 02.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  9. Uaild D., Eremenko S., Mear I. i dr. Mnogonatsional’nye issledovaniya — rekomendatsii po trebuemym perevodam, podkhodam k ispol’zovaniyu odnogo yazyka v raznykh stranakh i podkhodam k podderzhke Ob”edinenie dannykh: Otchet Tselevoi gruppy ISPOR po perevodu rezul’tatov, o kotorykh soobshchili patsienty, i lingvisticheskoi validatsii peredovoi issledovatel’skoi praktiki [Elektronnyi resurs] [Multinational Studies — Recommendations on required translations, approaches to using the same language in different countries, and approaches to supporting Data Pooling: ISPOR Task Force Report on Translating Patient-reported Results and Linguistic Validation of Best Research Practices]. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika = Good Clinical Practice, 2015, no. 2, pp. 29—43. Available at: https://www.clinvest.ru/jour/article/ view/15?locale=en_US (Accessed 25.09.2023). (In Russ.).
  10. Chistopol’skaya K.A., Mitina O.V., Enikolopov S.N. i dr. Adaptatsiya kratkoi versii “Pererabotannogo oprosnika — Opyt blizkikh otnoshenii” (ECR-R) na russkoyazychnoi vyborke [Elektronnyi resurs] [Adaptation on a Russian sample of the short version of Experience in close relationships-revised questionnaire]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal = Psychological Journal, 2018. Vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 87—98. DOI:10.31857/S020595920000838-7 (In Russ.).
  11. Babal R.A., Çekici F., Sünbül Z.A., Malkoç A., Gördesli M.A. Authenticity In Relationships Scale (AIRS). Turkish Adaptation And Validation Study. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 2021. Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 439—449. DOI:10.24315/tred.770310
  12. Bakshi A., Ansari S.A. The Key Role of Vulnerability in Developing Authentic Connections in Romantic Relationships. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 2022. Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 103—109. DOI:10.35365/ctjpp.22.1.11
  13. Brown B. Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Penguin Publishing Group, 2013. 304 p.
  14. Byrne B. Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Psicothema, 2011. 432 p. DOI:10.4324/9780203807644
  15. 15. Gouveia T., Schulz M.S., Costa M.E. Authenticity in relationships: Predicting caregiving and attachment in adult romantic relationships. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2016. Vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 736—744. DOI:10.1037/cou0000128
  16. Grijak Đ. Validacija srpske adaptacije skale autentičnosti u partnerskim odnosima — (AIRS). Primenjena psihologija, 2018. Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 89—104. DOI:10.19090/pp. 2018.1.89—104
  17. Havighurst R.J. (Ed.). Society and Education: A Book of Readings. New York: Allyn & Bacon, 1967.
  18. Housel K. Relationship Authenticity: How to Be Your True and Authentic Self in Your Relationship. Purpose Fairy. Available at: https://www.purposefairy.com/98132/an-authentic-relationship/
  19. Hu L., Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 1999. Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1—55. DOI:10.1080/10705519909540118
  20. Josephs L., Warach B., Goldin K.L., Jonason P.K., Gorman B.S., Masroor S., Lebron N. Be yourself: Authenticity as a long-term mating strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 2019. Vol. 143, pp. 118—127. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.020
  21. Kehoe J. Authentic Relationships: 5 Ways to Reveal Your True Self. John Kehoe Mind Power Inc. Available at: https://www.learnmindpower.com/authentic-relationships/
  22. Kernis M.H. Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 2003. Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1—26. DOI:10.1207/S15327965PLI1401_01
  23. Kernis M.H., Goldman B.M. A Multicomponent Conceptualization of Authenticity: Theory and Research. Advances in experimental social psychology, 2006. Vol. 38, pp. 283—357. DOI:10.1016/ S0065-2601(06)38006-9
  24. Lenton A., Slabu L., Sedikides C. State Authenticity in Everyday Life. European Journal of Personality, 2015. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 64—82. DOI:10.1002/per.2033
  25. Lopez F.G., Rice K.G. Preliminary development and validation of a measure of relationship authenticity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2006. Vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 362—371. DOI:10.1037/0022- 0167.53.3.362
  26. Robinson O.C., Lopez F.G., Ramos K., Nartova-Bochaver S. Authenticity, Social Context, and Well-Being in the United States, England, and Russia: A Three Country Comparative Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. Vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 719—737. DOI:10.1177/0022022112465672
  27. Theran S.A., Dour H. Superhero ideal, authenticity in relationships, and depressive symptoms: A multiple mediation analysis. Acta Psychologica, 2022. Vol. 226. DOI:10.1016/j. actpsy.2022.103559
  28. Tolmacz R., Bachner-Melman R., Lev-Ari L., Almagor K. Interparental conflict and relational attitudes within romantic relationships: The mediating role of attachment orientations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2022. Vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1—21. DOI:10.1177/02654075211061617
  29. Wang Y.N. Balanced authenticity predicts optimal well-being: Theoretical conceptualization and empirical development of the authenticity in relationships scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016. Vol. 94, pp. 316—323. DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.001

 

Information About the Authors

Anna Y. Borisova, старший преподаватель , Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-3670, e-mail: edamovaa@yandex.ru

Sofya K. Nartova-Bochaver, Doctor of Psychology, Professor of the Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-4154, e-mail: s-nartova@yandex.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 115
Previous month: 78
Current month: 37

Downloads

Total: 43
Previous month: 34
Current month: 9