Perception of Parental Attitudes of Adults in Relation to Early Maladaptive Schemas

Parental attitude as an attitude towards children includes rational, emotional and behavioral components. When important emotional needs of children and adolescents are not satisfied, the early maladaptive schemes develop, which may contribute to relationship problems in adulthood. The aim was to study the correlation of maladaptive schemas in adults with the perception of parental attitudes to them in adolescence. There are significant correlations among characteristics of the parental attitudes, as it was perceived by the respondents in their teens, and the level of their early maladaptive schemas. Positive correlative relationships were revealed between indicators of emotional distancing by the mother and early maladaptive schemas from a group of disturbed attachment relationships. The perception of the mother as emotionally cold, distancing and not accepting, lack of love, warmth, care and support in relations with the mother in childhood and adolescence can lead to the formation of maladaptive schemas. Parental attitudes to children demonstrate features that determine formation of early maladaptive schemas. In a sample of respondents who sought psychological help concerning problems in various areas of interpersonal relations, the identified correlations will facilitate better understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of negative attitudes and irrational beliefs in childhood that have been influenced by the parenting style. The results of the study are consistent with the provisions of developmental theory and significantly supplement the concept of family parenting and can be used in practical work on family counseling.

Vygotskii L. S. Psikhologiia razvitiia cheloveka [Psychological Development of Human]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2005. 1136 p. (In Russian)

Smirnova E.O., Savina E.A. Roditeli i deti: psikhologiia vzaimootnoshenii [Parents and Children: Psychology of Interrelations]. Moscow, Kogito-tsentr Publ., 2003. 230 p. (In Russian)

Sears R.R. A theoretical framework for personality and social behavior. Amer. Psychologist, 1951, vol. 6, pp. 476–482.

Boulbi D. Priviazannost’ [Attachment]. Transl. from Engl. by N.G.Grigor’eva, G.V.Burmenskya. Moscow, Gardariki Publ., 2003. 477 p. (In Russian)

Bek A., Frimen A. Kognitivnaia psikhoterapiia rasstroistv lichnosti: Praktikum po psikhoterapii [Cognitive Psychotherapy of personal Disorders. Psychotherapy practitioner’s Guide]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2002. 544 p. (In Russian)

Young J.E., Klosko J. S., Weishaar M.E. Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide. New York, Guilford Press, 2003. 450 p.

Iang D.E., Ueinberger A.D., Bek A.T. Kognitivnaia psikhoterapiia pri depressii. Klinicheskoe rukovodstvo po psikhicheskim rasstroistvam. Ed. by D.Barlou. Transl. from Engl.; ed. by E.G.Eidemiller. 3-e izd. St. Petersburg Piter Publ., 2008, pp. 391–454. (In Russian)

Kas’ianik P.M., Romanova E.V., Farrell Dzh.M., Shou A.A. Kontseptual’nye osnovy gruppovoi i individual’noi skhematerapii [Conseptual Basis of the Group and Individual Schema Therapy]. Rossiiskii psikhoterapevticheskii zhurnal [Russian Psychotherapeutical Journal], 2013, no. 1, p. 23. (In Russian)

Kas’ianik P.M., Romanova E.V. Diagnostika rannikh dezadaptivnykh skhem [Early Maladaptive schemas Diagnostics]. St. Petersburg, Politekh. un-t Publ., 2016. 152 p. (In Russian)

Young J. Schema Therapy Inventories & Related Materials. New York, Schema Therapy Institute Publ., 2015. 52 p.

The Wiley Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: theory, research and practice. Eds M. van Vreeswijk, J.Broerson, M.Nadort. New Jersey, Wiley-Bleckwell Publ., 2012. 648 p.

Avagianou P.A., Zafiropoulou M. Parental bonding and depression: personality as a mediating factor. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2008, vol. 20, pp. 261–269.

Eidemiller E.G., Iustitskis V. Psikhologiia i psikhoterapiia sem’i [Family Psychology and Psychotherapy]. 4th ed. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2008. 672 p. (In Russian)

Kholmogorova A.B. Skhema-terapiia Dzh.Ianga — odin iz naibolee effektivnykh metodov pomoshchi patsientam s pogranichnym rasstroistvom lichnosti [Dr. Young’s Schema Therapy as one of the most effective methods of personality disorders’ treatment]. Konsul’tativnaia psikhologiia i psikhoterapiia, 2014, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 78–87. (In Russian)

Kas’ianik P.M., Galimzianova M.V., Romanova E.V. Vyrazhennost’ rannikh dezadaptivnykh skhem i rezhimov ikh funktsionirovaniia u vzroslykh, obrashchavshikhsia i ne obrashchavshikhsia za psikhologicheskoi pomoshch’iu [Early Maladaptive Schemas and Modes severity in those who did apply for psychological help and in those who didn’t]. Prikladnaia iuridicheskaia psikhologiia, 2016, no. 2 (35), pp. 75–83. (In Russian)