Russian Psychological Issues PsyJournals.ru
RUSSIANENGLISH
Вход
OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS
JournalsTopicsAuthorsEditor's Choice For AuthorsAbout PsyJournals.ruContact Us

  Previous issue (2020. Vol. 16, no. 3)

Included in Scopus

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

CrossRef

Cultural-Historical Psychology

Publisher: Moscow State University of Psychology and Education

ISSN (printed version): 1816-5435

ISSN (online): 2224-8935

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Started in 2005

Published quarterly

Free of fees
Open Access Journal

Affiliated ISCAR

  

Cultural-Historical Psychology
2016. Vol. 12, no. 4, 48–66
doi:10.17759/chp.2016120405
ISSN: 1816-5435 / 2224-8935 (online)

N.A. Bernstein’s Principles of Physiology of Activity in Psychology of Perception and Attention: Problems and Perspectives 4458

|

Falikman M.V.
Doctor of Psychology, Head, School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: maria.falikman@gmail.com

Pechenkova E.V.
PhD in Psychology, Leading research fellow, Laboratory for Cognitive Research, Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-3703
e-mail: evp@virtualcoglab.org

Abstract
The paper reviews N.A. Berstein’s creative legacy in the development of Russian research in visual perception and attention starting from 1960s. It describes how these studies adopted four groups of concepts from Bernstein’s biocybernetics: first, the metaphor of movement construction; second, the concept of task; third, the idea of levels (hierarchy) of movement construction; and fourth, the principle of feedback or circular control of movement. The paper also discusses modern Russian level-based concepts of perception and attention that directly originated from Bernstein’s ideas. It traces the parallels between these concepts in Russian psychology of perception and the concepts of regulation of perception activity existing in European and American cognitive neuropsychology and modern neuroscience, such as ascending and descending processes in visual information processing and the hypothesis of predictive coding. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibilities for empirically testing the models of perception and visual attention based on N.A. Bernstein’s ideas using modern methods of cognitive science. M. Falikman’s research was supported by the NRU HSE Fundamental Research Program.

Keywords: N.A. Bernstein, perception, attention, task, movement construction, image construction, circular control, level organization

Column: In celebration of the 120th birthday of L.S. Vygotsky, N.A. Bernstein and B.M. Teplov

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120405

For Reference

References
  1. Aleksandrov Yu.I., Druzhinin V.N. Teoriya funktsional’nykh sistem v psikhologii. [The theory of func- tional systems in psychology]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psy- chological Journal], 1998, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 4—19.
  2. Anokhin P.K. Printsipy sistemnoi organizatsii funktsii [Principles of systemic organization of functions]. Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
  3. Asmolov A.G. Psikhologiya lichnosti [Psychology of personality]. Moscow: Academia, 2007.
  4. Asmolov A.G., Mikhalevskaya M.B. Ot psikhofiziki chistykh oshchushchenii k psikhofizike sensornykh zadach [From psychophysics of pure sensations to psychophysics of sensory tasks]. In. Asmolov A.G. (eds.), Problemy i metody psikhofiziki [Problems and methods of psychophysics]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. Un-ta, 1974, pp. 5—12.
  5. Barabanshchikov V.A. Okulomotornye struktury vospriyatiya [Oculomotor structures of perception]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN, 1997.
  6. Bernshtein N.A. O postroenii dvizhenii [On the con- struction of movements]. Moscow: Medgiz, 1947.
  7. Bernshtein N.A. Ocherki o fiziologii dvizhenii i fiziolo- gii aktivnosti [Studies in the physiology of movement and the psysiology of activity]. Moscow: Meditsina, 1966.
  8. Bruner Dzh. Psikhologiya poznaniya [Psychology of cognition]. Moscow: Progress, 1977.
  9. Vasilyuk F.E. Metodologicheskii analiz v psikhologii [Methodological analysis in psychology]. Moscow: Smysl, 2003.
  10. Vekker L.M. Psikhika i real’nost’: edinaya teoriya psikhicheskikh protsessov [Mind and reality: A unified theory of mental processes]. Moscow: Smysl, 1998.
  11. Velichkovskii B.M. Ot urovnei obrabotki k stratifikat- sii poznaniya [From levels of processing to stratification of cog- nition]. Voprosy psikhologii [Issues in psychology], 1999, no. 4, pp. 58—74.
  12. Viner N. Kibernetika [Cybernetics]. Moscow: Nauka, 1983.
  13. Gibson Dzh. Ekologicheskii podkhod k zritel’nomu vospriyatiyu [Ecological approach to visual perception]. Mos- cow: Progress, 1988.
  14. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Dvizheniya glaz v deyatel’nosti che- loveka i v ee issledovanii [Eye movements in human activity and its investigation]. In Gippenreiter Yu.B. (ed.), Issledovanie zritel’noi deyatel’nosti cheloveka [Investigations in human visual activity]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. Un-ta, 1973, pp. 417—421.
  15. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Dvizheniya chelovecheskogo glaza [Human eye movements]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1978.
  16. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Vnimanie i deyatel’nost’ [Atten- tion and activity]. Aktual’nye problemy sovremennoi psikholo- gii [Current issues in modern psychology]. Materialy mezh- dunarodnoi konferentsii. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1983a, pp. 62—64.
  17. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Deyatel’nost’ i vnimanie  [Activ- ity and attention]. In Zaporozhts A.V. (eds.), A.N. Leont’ev i sovremennaya psikhologiya [A.N. Leont’ev and contemporary psychology]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1983b, pp. 165—177.
  18. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Vvedenie v obshchuyu psikhologi- yu: kurs lektsii [Introduction to general psychology: Lectures]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1988.
  19. Gippenreiter Yu.B., Romanov V.Ya. Novyi metod issle- dovaniya vnutrennikh form zritel’noi aktivnosti [A new meth- od to study inner forms of visual activity]. Voprosy psikhologii [Issues in psychology], 1970, no. 5, pp. 36—52.
  20. Gippenreiter Yu.B., Smirnov S.D. Urovni  sledyash- chikh dvizhenii glaz i zritel’noe vnimanie [Levels of tracing eye movements and visual attention]. Voprosy psikhologii [Issues in psychology], 1971, no. 3, pp. 31—45.
  21. Zaporozhets A.V. Razvitie vospriyatiya i deyatel’nost’ [Perception development and activity]. Vospriyatie i deistvie Materialy 30-go simpoziuma XVIII Mezhdunarodnogo psikho- logicheskogo kongressa [Perception and action Proceedings of the 30th symposium of 18th International Psychological Con- gress]. Moscow, 1966, pp. 35—44.
  22. Zinchenko V.P. Fiziologiya i psikhologiya aktivnos- ti [Physiology and psychology of activity]. In Feigenberg I.M. (eds.), N.A. Bernshtein. Sovremennye iskaniya v fiziologii nervnogo protsessa [N.A. Bernstein. Modern quest in the physiol- ogy of neural processing]. Moscow: Smysl, 2003.
  23. Zinchenko V.P., Vergiles N.Yu. Formirovanie zritel’nogo obraza : issledovanie deyatel’nosti zritel’noi sistemy [Visual image formation: A study into visual system activity]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1969.
  24. Zinchenko V.P., Smirnov S.D. Metodologicheskie vo- prosy psikhologii [Methodological issues in psychology]. Mos- cow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1983.
  25. Leont’ev A.A. Deyatel’nyi um [The active mind]. Mos- cow: Smysl, 2001.
  26. Leont’ev A.N. Deyatel’nost’, soznanie, lichnost’ [Activ- ity, consciousness, personality]. Moscow: Politizdat, 1975.
  27. Leont’ev A.N., Zaporozhets A.V. Vosstanovlenie dvizheniya. Psikhofiziologicheskoe  issledovanie  vosstanov- leniya funktsii ruki posle raneniya [Rehabilitation of move- ments. Psychophysiological study in the recovery of functions after injuries]. Moscow: Sovetskaya nauka, 1945.
  28. Luriya A.R. Vysshie korkovye funktsii i ikh narushenie pri lokal’nykh porazheniyakh mozga [Higher cortical functions and their violation after local brain lesions]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1962.
  29. Luriya A.R. Etapy proidennogo puti. Nauchnaya av- tobiografiya [Milestones of my life. Scientific autobiography]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1982.
  30. Lyubimov V.V. Psikhologiya vospriyatiya [Psychology of perception]. Moscow: CheRo, MPSI, 2007.
  31. Nazarov A.I. Ot reflektornogo kol’tsa k mnogosvyaznoi sisteme [From the reflectory ring to a multilinked system]. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii [Methodology and history of psychology], 2009, no. 2, pp. 32—44.
  32. Naisser U. Poznanie i real’nost’ [Cognition and reality]. Moscow: Progress, 1981.
  33. Petukhov V.V. Psikhologiya  myshleniya  [Psychology of thinking]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un-ta, 1987.
  34. Pechenkova E.V., Falikman M.V. Model’ resheniya pertseptivnoi zadachi v usloviyakh bystrogo posledovatel’nogo pred”yavleniya zritel’nykh stimulov [A model of perceptual task accomplishment under rapid serial presentation condi- tions]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2001, no. 6, pp. 99—103.
  35. Pechenkova E.V., Falikman M.V. Printsip kol’tsevoi regulyatsii v sovremennoi kognitivnoi psikhologii vospriyati- ya i vnimaniya i problema edinits pertseptivnoi deyatel’nosti [A principle of circular regulation in modern cognitive psychol- ogy and the problem of perceptual activity units]. Aktual’nye problemy kognitivnoi nauki Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauch- no-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Current issues in cognitive sci- ence. Proceedings of the international applied research confer- ence]. []. Ivanovo, 2010a, pp. 62—65.
  36. Pechenkova E.V., Falikman M.V. Reshenie pertsep- tivnoi zadachi kak vzaimodeistvie mezhdu voskhodyashchimi i niskhodyashchimi protsessami pererabotki zritel’noi infor- matsii [Perceptual task accomplishment  as  an  interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes in visual information processing]. Teoreticheskaya i eksperimental’naya psikhologiya [Theoretical and experimental psychology], 2010B, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 52—65.
  37. Sirotkina I.E. Rol’ issledovanii N.A. Bernshteina v raz- vitii otechestvennoi psikhologicheskoi nauki [The role of N.A. Bernstein’s investigations in the development of Russian psy- chological science]. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk [PhD disserta- tion]. Moscow, 1989.
  38. Sirotkina I.E. Vydayushchiisya fiziolog. Klassik psik- hologii? (K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya N.A. Bernshteina) [A prominents physiologist. A classic in psychology? (To the 100th anniversary of N.A. Bernstein’s birthday)]. Psikho- logicheskii zhurnal [Psychological journal], 1996, no. 5, pp. 116— 127.
  39. Smirnov S.D. Psikhologicheskaya teoriya deyatel’nosti i kontseptsiya N.A. Bernshteina. [Psychological theory of ac- tivity and N.A. Bernstein’s ideas] Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiya [Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 14. Psy- chology], 1978, no. 2, pp. 14—25.
  40. Smirnov S.D. Mir obrazov i obraz mira [The world of images and the image of the world]. Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser.14. Psikhologiya [Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 14. Psy- chology], 1981, no. 2, pp. 15—29.
  41. Sokolova E.E. Chtoby byt’ psikhologom, nel’zya ne byt’ filosofom, ili Pochemu imeet smysl sporit’ o ponyatiyakh [To be a psychologist, it is impossible not to be a philosopher, or Why it makes sense to dispute about concepts]. Vestnik Mos- kovskogo universiteta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiya [Moscow State Uni- versity Bulletin. Series 14. Psychology], 2016, no. 1, pp. 25—41.
  42. Stepanov V.Yu. Strategiya chteniya kak sredstvo podderzhaniya vnimaniya pri reshenii pertseptivnoi zadachi [Strategy of reading as a mean of sustaining attention during perceptual task accomplishment]. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vys- shei shkoly ekonomiki [Psychology. The Journal of the Higher School of Economics], 2009, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 159—168.
  43. Stolin V.V. Postroenie zritel’nogo obraza pri psevdos- kopicheskom vospriyatii [Visual image construction during pseudoscopic perception]. Voprosy psikhologii [Issues in psy- chology], 1972, no. 6, pp. 103—116.
  44. Utochkin I.S. Teoreticheskie i empiricheskie osnovani- ya urovnevogo podkhoda k vnimaniyu [Theoretical and em- pirical foundations of the level approach to attention]. Psik- hologiya. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki [Psychology. The Journal of the Higher School of Economics], 2008, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 31—66.
  45. Falikman M.V. Effekty prevoskhodstva slova v zritel’nom vospriyatii i vnimanii  [Word  superiority  effects in visual perception and attention]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2010, no. 1, pp. 32—40.
  46. Falikman M.V., Pechenkova E.V. Strategicheskaya regulyatsiya resheniya pertseptivnoi zadachi kak klass nisk- hodyashchikh vliyanii na protsess postroeniya pertseptivnogo obraza [Strategic regulation of perceptual task accomplishment as a type of top-down influences on perceptual image construc- tion]. Pervaya Rossiiskaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke. Tezisy dokladov [1st Russian cognitive science conference. Ab- stracts]. Kazan’: KGU, 2004, pp. 237—239.
  47. Falikman M.V., Pechenkova E.V., Stepanov V.Yu. Vnimanie i pertseptivnye edinitsy [Attention and perceptual units]. In Chernigovskaya T.V. (eds.), Cognitivnye issledo- vaniya [Cognitive research]. Vyp. 5. . Moscow: Publ. “Institut psikhologii RAN”, 2012, pp. 102—116.
  48. Feigenberg I.M. Nikolai Bernshtein: ot refleksa k mod- eli budushchego [Nikolai Bernstein: From a reflex to a model of future]. Moscow: Smysl, 2004.
  49. Feigenberg I.M. Veroyatnostnoe prognozirovanie v deyatel’nosti cheloveka i povedenii zhivotnykh [Probabilistic forecasting in human activity and animal behaviour]. Moscow: N’yudiamed, 2008.
  50. Feigenberg I.M., Ivannikov V.A. Veroyatnostnoe prog- nozirovanie i prednastroika k dvizheniyam [Probabilistic fore- casting and movement presetting]. Moscow: Publ. Mosk. un- ta, 1978.
  51. Adamian N., Kuvaldina M. Be prepared: The effect of expectations on inattentional blindness. The Russian Journal of Cognitive Science, 2014, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 4—12.
  52. Bernstein N. Co-ordination and regulation of move- ments. N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1967.
  53. Brodski A., Paasch G.F., Helbling S., Wibral M. The faces of predictive coding. Journal of Neuroscience,  2015, vol. 35, no. 24, pp. 8997—9006.
  54. Bruner J.S., Minturn A.L. Perceptual identification and perceptual organization. The Journal of General Psychology, 1955, vol. 53, pp. 21—28.
  55. Cavanagh P., Anstis S. The flash grab effect. Vision Re- search, 2013, vol. 91, pp. 8—20.
  56. Clark A. Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2013, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 181—204.
  57. Craik F.I.M. Levels of processing: past, present … and future? Memory, 2002, vol. 10, no. 5/6, pp. 305—318.
  58. Craik F.I.M., Lockhart R. Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 1972, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 671—684.
  59. De Baene W., Brass M. Switch probability context (in) sensitivity within the cognitive control network. NeuroImage, 2013, vol. 77, pp. 207—214.
  60. De Baene W., Brass M. Dissociating strategy-depen- dent and independent components in task preparation. Neuro- psychologia, 2014, vol. 62, pp. 331—340.
  61. Di Lollo V., Enns J., Rensink R. Competition for con- sciousness among visual events: the psychophysics of reentrant visual processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2000, vol. 129, no. 4, pp. 481—507.
  62. Di Lollo V., Kawahara J., Zuvic S.M., Visser T.A. The preattentive emperor has no clothes: a dynamic redressing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2001, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 479—492.
  63. Di Lollo V., Smilek D., Kawahara J., Ghorashi S.M. System reconfiguration, not resource depletion, determines the efficiency of visual search. Perception and Psychophysics, 2005, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1080—1087.
  64. Dux P.E., Visser T.A.W., Goodhew S.C., Lipp O.V. Delayed re-entrant processing impairs visual awareness: An object substitution masking study. Psychological Science, 2010, vol. 21, pp. 1242—1247.
  65. Eich T.S., Parker D., Liu D., Oh H., Razlighi Q., Gaz- es Y., Habeck C., Stern Y. Functional brain and age-related changes associated with congruency in task switching. Neuro- psychologia, 2016, vol. 91, pp. 211—221.
  66. Enns J.T., Di Lollo V. What’s new in visual masking? Trends in Cognitive Science, 2000, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 345—352.
  67. Enns J.T., Visser T.A.W., Kawahara J., Di Lollo V. Visual masking and task switching in the attentional blink. In: Shapiro K.L. (Ed.) The limits of attention: Temporal constraints on human information processing. Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 65—81.
  68. Falikman M.V. Word superiority effects across the va- rieties of attention. Journal of Russian and East European Psy- chology, 2011, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 45—61.
  69. Goschke T. Intentional reconfiguration and involun- tary persistence in task set switching. In S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes: Attention and perfor- mance XVIII. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000, pp. 331—355.
  70. Grange J., Houghton G. (Eds.) Task switching and cog- nitive control. Oxford University Press, 2014.
  71. Greene M.R., Botros A.P., Beck D.M., Fei-Fei L. What you see is what you expect: Rapid scene understanding benefits from prior experience. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 2015, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 1239—1251.
  72. Gregory R. Knowledge in perception and illusion. Phil- osophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sci- ences, 1997, vol. 352, no. 1358, pp. 1121—1127.
  73. Gurfinkel V.S., Cordo P.J. The scientific legacy  of Nikolai Bernstein. In M.L. Latash (Ed.) Progress in motor control: Volume 1, Bernstein’s traditions in movement studies. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1998, pp. 1—20.
  74. Hochstein, S., Ahissar, M. View from the top: Hier- archies and reverse hierarchies in the visual system. Neuron, 2002, vol. 36, pp. 791—804.
  75. Hübner M., Kluwe R.H., Luna—Rodriguez A., Peters Task preparation and stimulus—evoked competition. Acta Psychologica, 2004, vol. 115, pp. 211—234.
  76. James W. Principles of Psychology. Vol. 1. New York: Henry Holt, 1890.
  77. Jonides J., Gleitman N. A conceptual category effect in visual search: O as letter or as digit. Perception & Psychophys- ics, 1972, vol. 12, pp. 457—460.
  78. Kawahara J., Di Lollo V., Enns J.T. Attentional require- ments in visual detection and identification: Evidence from the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2001, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 969—984.
  79. Kelso J.A.S. From Bernstein’s  psysiology  of  activity to coordination  dynamics. In Latash  M.L. (ed.),  Progress in motor control: Volume 1, Bernstein’s traditions in movement studies. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1998, pp. 203—220.
  80. Kesner L. The predictive  mind  and  the  experience of visual art work. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014, vol. 5, art. 1417. URL: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/ fpsyg.2014.01417/full  (Accessed:  09.11.2016).
  81. Kogo N., Trengove C. Is predictive coding theory ar- ticulated enough to be testable? Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2015, vol. 9, art. 111. URL: http://journal.fron- tiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncom.2015.00111/full (Accessed: 09.11.2016).
  82. Latash M.L. (Ed.) Progress in motor control. Vol- ume 1: Bernstein’s traditions in movement studies. Urbana, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.
  83. Lim J.I. Visual search strategy and interception accura- cy. PhD Dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana—Cham- paign, 2013.
  84. Lisi M., Cavanagh P. Dissociation between the percep- tual and saccadic localization of moving objects. Current Biol- ogy, 2015, vol. 25, no. 19, pp. 2535— 2540.
  85. Longman C.S., Lavric A., Monsell S. The coupling be- tween spatial attention and other components of task—set: A task—switching investigation. Quarterly Journal of Experimen- tal Psychology, 2016, vol. 1, pp. 1—28.
  86. MacKay D.M. Cerebral organization and the conscious control of actions. In Eccles J.C. (ed.), Brain and conscious ex- perience. N.Y.: Springer, 1966, pp. 422—445.
  87. Norman D.A., Rumelhart D.E. (Eds.) Exploration in cognition. San Francisco, CA: Freeman, 1975.
  88. Pechenkova E. Effect of schemata on temporal order perception of multiple visual items. The 3rd International con- ference on cognitive science. Abstracts. Moscow, 2008, vol. 1, pp. 127—128.
  89. Potter M.C., Wyble B., Hagmann C.E., McCourt E.S. Detecting meaning in RSVP at 13 ms per picture. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 2014, vol. 76, pp. 270—279.
  90. Rauss K., Pourtois G. What is bottom—up and what is top—down in predictive coding? Frontiers in Psychology, 2013, vol. 4: art. 276. URL: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00276/full   (Accessed:   09.11.2016).
  91. Rauss K., Schwartz S., Pourtois G. Top—down ef- fects on early visual processing in humans: a predictive cod- ing framework. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2011, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1237—1253.
  92. Rizzolatti G., Riggio L., Dascola I., Umilta C. Reori- enting attention across the horizontal and vertical meridians: evidence in favor of a premotor theory of attention. Neuropsy- chologia, 1987, vol. 25, no. 1A, pp. 31—40.
  93. Sinitsyna M., Pechenkova E. Top—down modulations in perception of simultaneity. Journal of Vision, 2009, vol. 9, no. 8, art. 1083. URL: http://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2135358 (Accessed: 09.11.2016).
  94. Smeets J., Brenner E. Perception and action are based on the same visual information: Distinction between position and velocity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Per- ception & Performance, 1995, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19—31.
  95. Sperling G. The information available in brief visual presentation. Psychological Monographs, 1960, vol. 74, no. 11, pp. 1—29.
  96. Sperling G., Dosher B.A. Strategy and optimization in human information processing. In Boff K. (eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance: Vol. 1. Sensory processes and perception. N.Y.: Wiley, 1986, pp. 2—1 — 2—65.
  97. Spratling M.W. Predictive coding as a model of cogni- tion. Cognitive Processing, 2016, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 279—305.
  98. Srinivasan M.V., Laughlin S.B., Dubs A. Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences, 1982, vol. 216, no. 1205, pp. 427—459.
  99. Tse P.U., Cavanagh P. Chinese and Westerners see op- posite apparent motions in a kanji stimulus. Cognition, 2000, vol. 74, pp. B27—B32.
  100. Tse P.U., Whitney D., Anstis S., Cavanagh P. Voluntary attention modulates motion—induced mislocalization. Journal of Vision, 2011, vol. 11, no. 3, art. 12. URL: http://jov.arvojournals. org/article.aspx?articleid=2191571 (Accessed: 09.11.2016).
  101. Turvey M.T., Kugler P.N. An ecological approach to perception and  action. In  Whiting H.T.A.  (ed.), Human  mo- tor actions: Bernstein reassessed. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1984, pp. 207—236.
  102. Utochkin I.S. Redundancy effects of a moving dis- tractor generated by alerting and orienting. Attention, Percep- tion & Psychophysics, 2009, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 1825—1830.
  103. Velichkovsky B.M. Heterarchy of cognition: the depths and the highs of a framework for memory research. Memory, 2002, vol. 10, no. 5—6, pp. 405—419.
  104. Whiting H.T.A. (Ed.) Human motor actions: Bern- stein reassessed. Elsevier Science Ltd., 1984.
  105. Whitney D.V. Cavanagh P. Motion distorts visual space: Shifting the perceived position of remote stationary ob- jects. Nature Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 3, pp. 954—959.
  106. Williams A.M., Jannelle  C.M.,  Davids  K.  Constraints on the search for visual information in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2004, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 301—318.
  
About PsyJournals.ru

© 2007–2021 Portal of Russian Psychological Publications. All rights reserved

PsyJournals.ru in Russian

Publisher: Moscow State University of Psychology and Education

Catalogue of academic journals in psychology & education MSUPE

Creative Commons License Open Access Repository     Webometrics Ranking of Repositories

 RSS Psyjournals at facebook Psyjournals at Twitter Psyjournals at Youtube ??????.???????