Exploring the Zone of Proximal Development in Russia and Abroad

The article gives an analytical review of researches on the zone of proximal development (ZPD). It describes the main research trends in Russia and other countries as well as analyzes the concept of «scaffolding» — the American interpretation of the ZPD idea - showing that although the two concepts are closely related, they cannot be considered identical. The article concludes that, despite a wide range of conducted research- es, the correlation between a child's individual activity strategies in ZPD and his/her intellectual development is still poorly explored. It is this problem that's in the focus of the author's attention.

1. Belopol'skaya N. L. Komponenty zony blizhaishego razvitiya u detei // Voprosy psihologii. 1997. № 1.
2. Vygotskii L. S. Dinamika umstvennogo razvitiya shkol'nika v svyazi s obucheniem // Vygotskii L. S. Psihologiya razvitiya rebenka. M., 2006.
3. Vygotskii L. S. Istoriya razvitiya vysshih psihicheskih funkcii // Vygotskii L. S. Sobr. soch.: T. 3. M., 1983.
4. Vygotskii L. S. Myshlenie i rech' // Sobr. soch.: V 6 t. T. 2. M., 1982.
5. Vygotskii L. S. Problema vozrasta // Vygotskii L. S. Psihologiya razvitiya rebenka. M., 2006.
6. Vardanyan G. A. K voprosu o kriterii ocenki «zony blizhaishego razvitiya» // Nauchnoe tvorchestvo L. S. Vygot- skogo i sovremennost'. M., 1981.
7. Gal'perin P. Ya. Lekcii po psihologii. M., 2005.
8. Gal'perin P. Ya., El'konin D. B. K analizu teorii Zh. Piazhe o razvitii detskogo myshleniya. Posleslovie k kn.: Dzh. H. Flei- vell. Geneticheskaya psihologiya Zhana Piazhe. M., 1967.
9. Davydov V. V. Problemy razvivayushego obucheniya. M., 1986.
10. Zankov L. V. Izbrannye pedagogicheskie trudy. 3-e izd., dopoln. M., 1999.
11. Zareckii V. K. Zona blizhaishego razvitiya: o chem ne uspel napisat' Vygotskii… // Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psi- hologiya. 2007. № 3.
12. Zinchenko V. P., Mesheryakov B. G. Sovokupnaya dey- atel'nost' kak geneticheski ishodnaya edinica psihicheskogo razvitiya // Psihologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie. 2002. № 2.
13. Ivanova A. Ya. Obuchaemost' kak princip ocenki umstvennogo razvitiya detei. M., 1976.
14. 14.        Korepanova I. A. Struktura i soderzhanie zony blizhaishego razvitiya rebenka v processe stanovleniya pred- metnogo deistviya: Avtoref. diss.   kand. psihol. nauk. M., 2004.
15. Kravcova E. E. Kul'turno-istoricheskie osnovaniya zony blizhaishego razvitiya // Psihologicheskii zhurnal. 2001. № 4. T. 22.
16. Obuhova L. F., Korepanova I. A. Zona blizhaishego razvitiya: prostranstvenno-vremennaya model' // Voprosy psihologii. 2005. № 6.
17. Cukerman G. A. Vzaimodeistvie rebenka i vzroslogo, tvoryashee zonu blizhaishego razvitiya // Kul'turno-istoriche- skaya psihologiya. 2006. № 4.
18. Shopina Zh. P. Psihologicheskie zakonomernosti formirovaniya i aktualizacii zony blizhaishego razvitiya: Avtoref. diss. ... kand. psihol. nauk. M., 2002.
19. El'konin D. B. K probleme periodizacii psihicheskogo razvitiya v detskom vozraste // Voprosy psihologii. 1971. № 4.
20. Yaroshevskii M. G. Lev Vygotskii. M., 1989.
21. Abbot D. The zone of proximal development: an inquiry into its nature and metaphor experiment, 1996.
22. Bodrova E., Leong D. J. Scaffolding emergent writing in the zone of proximal development // Literacy Teaching and Learning. 1998. Vol. 3. № 2.
23. Burch J. R. A study of examining the impact of scaf- folding young children's acquisition of literacy in primary grade: A dissertation for the degree of doctor of philosophy / J. R. Burch. Louisiana State University, 2007.
24. Chaiklin S. The zone of proximal development in Vygotsky's analysis of learning and instruction. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
25. Chak A. Adult sensitivity to children's learning in ZPD / A. Chak // Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. 2001. Vol. 31. № 4.
26. Cheyne J. A. Dialogue, Difference, and the «third voice» in the ZPD / J. A. Cheyne, D. Tarulli // Theory and Psychology. 1999. № 9.
27. Cole M., Nicolopoulou A. Activiting the zoped: activity systems and development // Finland, 1999.
28. Fabes R., & Martin C. L. Exploring development through childhood. Boston, 2001.
29. Goldstein L. S. The relation zone: the role of caring rela- tionships in the coconstruction of mind/ L.S. Goldstein// American Educational research Journal. 1999. Vol. 36. № 3.
30. Jacobs G. Providing the scaffold: a model for early childhood/primary teacher preparation // Early Childhood Education Journal. 2001. Vol. 29. № 2.
31. Krause K., Bocher S., & Duchense S. Educational Psychology for Learning and Teaching. Australia, 2003.
32. McDevitt T. M. & Ormrod J. E. Child Development and Education. N. J., 2002.
33. Mercer N. Developing dialogues // Wells G., Claxton G. (Еd.) Learning for life in the C21st: sociocultural perspectives on the future of education. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
34. Newman D., Griffin P., Cole M. The Construction Zone: Working for Cognitive in School. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
35. Rogoff B. Apprenticeship in thinking: cognitive devel- opment in social context. N.Y., 1990.
36. Tzuriel D. Dynamic assessment of young children: edu- cational and intervention perspectives // Educational Psychology Review. 2000. Vol. 12. № 4.
37. Valsiner J., Van der Veer R. The encoding of distance: the concept of the zone of proximal development and its interpreta- tion // Cocking R. R., Renninger K. A. (eds.). The Development and Meaning of Psychological Distances. Hillsdale, N. J., 1993.
38. Verenikina I. Understanding Scaffolding and the ZPD in Educational Research / Conference papers, International Education Research Conference. Auckland, New Zealand, 2003 / Australian Association for Research in Education [site] http://www.aare.edu.au/03pap/ver03682.pdf.
39. Wood D., Bruner J., Ross G. The role of tutoring in prob- lem solving // Journal of Child Psychology and Child Psychiatry. 1976. № 17.