Standardization of the test «Family Emotional Communication»

9717

Abstract

Parent family plays an important role in the onset and course of affective spectrum disorders. There are few reliable psychological tests for adults to detect violations parent family system. We did a test «Family emotional communications». It reveals the to find the dysfunction in families of adult patients and to determine the target of psychotherapy. It was examined 460 adults (213 people — patients with affective disorders, 247 — population sample) to verify the reliability of this test. Factor analysis identified 7 scales in this test. Confirmatory analysis, verification test-retest reliability, coefficient of Cronbach’s Alpha, checking internal consistency and construct validity of the test showed that this test is a reliable and valid tool. This test is not influenced by gender, age and educational level. We have compared the parental families of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders with a group of people without any psychic disorder. Parent families of patients have more violations in the family system (overprotection, criticism, anxiety, emotional neglect). These violations can become the targets of psychotherapy of patients with affective disorders.

General Information

Keywords: disorders affective spectrum, patients with affective spectrum disorders, psychological tests, parent family, the family system dysfunctions

Journal rubric: Testing and Validating Instruments

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240405

For citation: Kholmogorova A.B., Volikova S.V., Sorokova M.G. Standardization of the test «Family Emotional Communication». Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2016. Vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 97–125. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2016240405. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Volikova S.V. Sistemno-psikhologicheskie kharakteristiki roditel’skikh semei patsientov s depressivnymi i trevozhnymi rasstroistvami. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [System-psychological characteristics of the parental families of patients with de- pressive and anxiety disorders. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow: MNII psikhi- atrii, 2006. 234 p.
  2. Garanyan N.G., Kholmogorova A.B. Integratsiya semeinoi sistemnoi i kognitivno- bikhevioral’noi psikhoterapii v lechenii bol’nykh s khronifitsirovannymi formami trevozhnykh rasstroistv [Integration of the family system and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of patients become chronic forms of anxiety disorders]. Sovremennaya terapiya psikhicheskikh rasstroistv [Modern therapy of mental disor- ders], 2013. no. 1, pp. 34—41.
  3. Dovzhenko T.V., Yudeeva T.Yu., Petrova G.A. Primenenie klinicheskoi shkaly samootcheta SCL-90-R v klinike rasstroistv affektivnogo spektra. [The use of self- report clinical scale SCL-90-R in clinical disorders of affective spectrum]: posobie dlya vrachei. Moscow: MNII psikhiatrii, 2003. 37 p.
  4. Kalina O.G., Kholmogorova A.B. Vliyanie obraza ottsa na emotsional’noe blago- poluchie i polorolevuyu identichnost’ podrostkov [The impact on the image of the father’s emotional well-being and identity of adolescent gender roles]. Voprosy psik- hologii [Questions of psychology], 2007. no. 1, pр. 15—26.
  5. Kalina O.G., Kholmogorova A.B. Rol’ ottsa v psikhicheskom razvitii rebenka [The father’s role in the mental development of the child]. Moscow: Publ. Forum, 2012. 112 p.
  6. Makushina O.P., Ten’kova V.A. Metody psikhodiagnosticheskoi i psikhoterape- vticheskoi raboty s sem’ei: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Methods of psychodiag- nostics and psychotherapeutic work with families: textbook for high schools]. Vo- ronezh: Publ. VGU, 2008. 78 p.
  7. Kholmogorova A.B. Integrativnaya psikhoterapiya rasstroistv affektivnogo spectra [Integrative Psychotherapy of affective spectrum disorders]. Moscow: Publ. Med- praktika-M, 2011. 480 p.
  8. Kholmogorova A.B. Nauchnye osnovaniya i prakticheskie zadachi semeinoi psik- hoterapii [Scientific bases and practical problems of family therapy]. Moskovskii psikhoterapevticheskii zhurnal [Moscow psychotherapeutic journal], 2002. no. 1—2, pр. 93—119, pр. 122—138.
  9. Kholmogorova A.B. Teoreticheskie i empiricheskie osnovaniya integrativnoi psik- hoterapii rasstroistv affektivnogo spectra. Diss. dokt. psikhol. nauk. [Theoretical and empirical foundations of integrative psychotherapy affective spectrum disorders. Dr. Sci. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow: MNII psikhiatrii, 2006. 465 p.
  10. Kholmogorova A.B., Volikova S.V., Polkunova E.V. Semeinye faktory depressii [Family factors of depression]. Voprosy psikhologii [Questions of psychology], 2005. no. 6, pр. 63—71.
  11. Kholmogorova A.B., Volikova S.V. Semeinyi kontekst rasstroistv affektivnogo spec- tra [Family context of affective spectrum disorders]. Sotsial’naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya [Social and clinical psychiatry], 2004. no. 2, pр. 11—20.
  12. Kholmogorova A.B., Volikova S.V. Empiricheskie psikhologicheskie issledovaniya semeinykh faktorov psikhicheskikh rasstroistv [Empirical psychological research of family factors of mental disorders]. Sovremennaya terapiya psikhicheskikh rasstroistv [Modern therapy of mental disorders], 2007. no. 3, pр. 33—42.
  13. Kholmogorova A.B., Garanyan N.G., Shaib P., Virshing M. Emotsii i psikhiches- koe zdorov’e v sotsial’nom i semeinom kontekste (na modeli somatoformnykh rasstroistv) [Elektronnyi resurs]. [Emotions and mental health in social and family context (on the model of somatoform disorders)]. Meditsinskaya psikhologiya v Rossii [Medical psychology in Russia]: Elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal, 2011. no. 1. Avail- able at: http://medpsy.ru (Accessed: 22.08.2016).
  14. Eidemiller E.G., Yustitskis V. Psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya sem’i [Family psychol- ogy and psychotherapy]. Saint-Petersburg: Publ. Piter, 1999. 656 p.
  15. Artemis G.,  Touloumakos  A.K.  “They  Accept  Me,  They  Accept  Me  Not”: Psy- chometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Child Parental Acceptance-Re- jection Questionnaire—Short Form. Journal of Family Issues, 2016. Vol. 37, no. 9, рр. 1226—1243. doi: 10.1177/0192513X14543851
  16. Bögels S.M., Brechman-Toussaint M.L. Family issues in child anxiety: attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychological Review, 2006. Vol. 2, рр. 834—856. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.08.001
  17. Brennan P.A., LeBrocque R., Hammen C. Maternal depression, parent-child relationships, and resilient outcomes in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2003. Vol. 42, рр. 1469—1477. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200312000-00014
  18. Enns M.W., Cox B.J., Lassen D.K. Perceptions of parental bonding and symptom severity in adults with depression: mediation by personality dimensions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2000. Vol. 45, рр. 263—268.
  19. Green J.G., McLaughlin K.A., Berglund P.A., et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2010. Vol. 67, рр. 113—123. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186
  20. Hui Yap M.B., Pilkington P.D., Ryan S.M., Jorm A.F. Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: A systematic review and meta-analy- sis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014. Vol. 156, рр. 8—23.
  21. Johnstone J.M., Luty S.E., Mulder R.T., Frampton C.M., Joyce P.R. Childhood predictors of lifetime suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in depressed adults. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2016. Vol. 50, no. 2, рр. 135—144. doi: 10.1177/0004867415585581
  22. Jorm A.F., Dear K.B.G,. Rodgers B., Christensen H. Interaction between mother’s and father’s affection as a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms. Evidence for increased risk in adults who rate their father as having been more affectionate than their mother. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2003. Vol. 38, рр. 173—179. doi: 10.1007/s00127-003-0620-9
  23. Kessler R.C., McLaughlin K.A., Green J.G., et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psy- chiatry, 2010. Vol. 197, рр. 378—385. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499
  24. McLeod B.D., Wood J.J., Weisz J.R. Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychological Review, 2007. Vol. 27, рр. 155—172. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002. 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.001
  25. Murphy E., Wickramaratne P., Weissman M. The stability of parental bonding re- ports: A 20-year follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2010. Vol. 125, рр. 307— 315. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.003
  26. Olson D. FACES IV and the circumplex model: validation study. Journal of marital and family therapy, 2011. Vol. 3, no. 1, рр. 64—80. [Elektronnyi resurs] Available at: http://www.facesiv.com  (Accessed:  22.08.2016).
  27. Parker G. Parental rearing style: examining for links with personality vulnerability factors for depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 1993. Vol. 28, рр. 97—100. doi: 10.1007/BF00801738
  28. Parker G. Parental reports of depressives:  an  investigation  of  several  explana- tion. Journal of Affective Disorder, 1981. Vol. 3, рр. 131—140. doi: 10.1016/0165- 0327(81)90038-0
  29. Rapee R. M. Family Factors in the Development and Management of Anxiety Disorders. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review, 2012. Vol. 15, рр. 69—80. doi: 10.1007/s10567-011-0106-3
  30. Rapee R.M. Potential role of child rearing practices in the development of anxi- ety and depression. Clinical Psychological Review, 1997. Vol. 17, рр. 47—67. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(96)00040-2
  31. Restifo K., Bugels S. Family processes in the development of youth depression: Translating the evidence to treatment. Clinical Psychological Review, 2009. Vol. 29, рр. 294—316. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.005
  32. Rohner R. P., Britner P. A. Worldwide Mental Health Correlates of Parental Accep- tance-Rejection: Review of Cross-Cultural and Intracultural Evidence. Cross-Cul- tural Research, 2002. Vol. 36, no. 1, рр. 16—47. doi: 10.1177/106939710203600102
  33. Rohner R. P., Khaleque A. Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ): Test man- ual. In R. P. Rohner and A. Khaleque (Eds.): Handbook for the study of parental acceptance and rejection. Storrs, CT: Rohner Research Publications, 2005, pp. 187— 225.
  34. Rohner R. P., Khaleque A., Cournoyer D. E. Introduction to parental acceptance- rejection theory [Elektronnyi resurs] Available at: http://csiar.uconn.edu/wp-con- tent/uploads/sites/494/2014/02/INTRODUCTION-TO-PARENTAL-ACCEP- TANCE-3-27-12.pdf (Accessed: 22.08.2016).
  35. Sarkhanlou S.S., Kiamanesh A., Ahadi H. The Relationships between Perfection- ism of Mothers and Emotional Problems of their Daughters. Journal of Educational and Management Studies, 2015. Vol. 5, no. 2, рр. 132—137.
  36. Wilhelm K., Niven H., Parker G. et al. The stability of the Parental Bonding Instru- ment over a 20-year period. Psychological Medicine, 2005. Vol. 35, рр. 387—393.

Information About the Authors

Alla B. Kholmogorova, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Leading Researcher, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry (A Branch of the National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology), Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-0199, e-mail: kholmogorova@yandex.ru

Svetlana V. Volikova, PhD in Psychology, psychologist, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Assistant Professor at the Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Chair, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-226X, e-mail: psylab2006@yandex.ru

Marina G. Sorokova, Doctor of Education, PhD in Physics and Matematics, docent, Head of Scientific and Practical Center for Comprehensive Support of Psychological Research "PsyDATA", Head of the Department of Digital Education, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-6487, e-mail: sorokovamg@mgppu.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 12449
Previous month: 315
Current month: 53

Downloads

Total: 9717
Previous month: 235
Current month: 68