Experimental Psychology (Russia)
2023. Vol. 16, no. 1, 23–42
doi:10.17759/exppsy.2023160102
ISSN: 2072-7593 / 2311-7036 (online)
The Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Subjective Assessment of Insightful Solution
Abstract
This work is devoted to situational factors of experimental research influence on the insight assessment of problem solving. We considered such factors as the solution strategy (insightful, step-by-step), the form of problem presentation (visual, verbal), the solution independence (solution found by the participant or presented by the experimenter) and the solution speed (fast, slow). Understanding the impact of these factors on the insight assessment can contribute to both improving research practice and developing a unified theoretical model of insight and insightful solution. The studies included in this paper were carried out in various research approaches, with different materials, by different experimenters and under different experimental conditions. Danek and Wiley’s questionnaire was used for the insight assessment in all studies. According to the results, all the above situational factors have a significant impact on the differentiated subjective assessment of insightful solutions.
General Information
Keywords: insight, problem solving, insightful solution, Aha! experience, subjective ratings
Journal rubric: Cognitive Psychology
Article type: scientific article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2023160102
Funding. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project number 20-78-00048, https://rscf.ru/en/project/20-78-00048/.
Received: 07.04.2022
Accepted:
For citation: Lazareva N.Yu., Savinova A.D., Chistopolskaya A.V. The Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Subjective Assessment of Insightful Solution. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2023. Vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 23–42. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2023160102. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
References
- Vladimirov I.Yu., Chistopol'skaya A.V. Analiz gnosticheskih dejstvij s pomoshch'yu tekhnologii registracii dvizheniya glaz kak metod izucheniya processa insajtnogo resheniya. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psihologiya [Cultural-Historical Psychology]. 2016. 12. № 1. P. 24—34. DOI:10.17759/chp.2016120103 (In Russ.).
- Lazareva N.Yu., Vladimirov I.Yu. Vliyanie fiksirovannosti na formirovanie nevernoj reprezentacii zadachi i vozniknovenie insajtnogo resheniya. Uchenye zapiski Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo social'nogo universiteta [Scientific Notes of Russian State Social University]. 2019. 18. № 4. P. 22-30. DOI:10.17922/2071-5323-2019-18-4-22-30 (In Russ.).
- Lapteva E.M. Dvizheniya glaz kak indikator znaniya otveta pri reshenii anagram. Eksperimental'naya psihologiya [Experimental Psychology]. 2016. 9. № 3. P. 41—53. DOI:10.17759/exppsy.2016090304 (In Russ.).
- Luneva A.R., Korovkin S.Yu. Issledovanie roli mezhpolusharnogo vzaimodejstviya v reshenii zadach: povedencheskie i fiziologicheskie dannye. Eksperimental'naya psihologiya [Experimental Psychology]. 2019. 12. № 2. P. 35—46. DOI:10.17759/exppsy.2019120203 (In Russ.).
- Markina P.N., Makarov I.N., Vladimirov I.Yu. Osobennosti pererabotki informacii na stadii tupika pri reshenii insajtnoj zadachi. Teoreticheskaya i eksperimental'naya psihologiya [Theoretical and experimental psychology]. 2018. 11. № 2. P. 34—43. (In Russ.).
- Medyncev A.A. Vliyanie implicitnoj podskazki na avtomaticheskie processy obrabotki informacii v zadache na reshenie anagram. Eksperimental'naya psihologiya [Experimental Psychology]. 2017. 10. № 1. P. 23-37. DOI:10.17759/exppsy.2017100103 (In Russ.).
- Moroshkina N.V., Ammalajnen A.V. Ot insajta k Aga!-perezhivaniyu: novaya paradigma v issledovaniyah resheniya zadach. Sibirskij psihologicheskij zhurnal [Siberian journal of psychology]. 2021. № 79. P. 48—73. DOI:10.17223/17267080/79/4 (In Russ.).
- Chistopol'skaya A.V., Savinova A.D., Lazareva N.Yu. Sbor fenomenologii insajtnogo resheniya s pomoshch'yu metoda analiza kejsov. Psihologiya — nauka budushchego: Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii molodyh uchenyh «Psihologiya — nauka budushchego», 18—19 noyabrya 2021 g., Moskva / Otv. red. E.A. Sergienko, N.E. Harlamenkova. M.: Izd-vo «Institut psihologii RAN», 2021a. P. 374—378. (In Russ.).
- Chistopol'skaya A.V., Savinova A.D., Lazareva N.Yu. Eksplikaciya kriteriev insajta i obzor metodov ih izmereniya. Psihologiya. Zhurnal Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki [ Journal of Higher School of Economics]. 2021b. Vol. 18. № 4. P. 907—929. DOI:10.17323/1813-8918-2021-4-907-929 (In Russ.).
- Chistopol'skaya A.V., Shumilov T.V., Savinova A.D., Lazareva N.Yu. Formirovanie u reshatelya predstavleniya ob insajtnom reshenii zadach na osnove obuchayushchego video. Psihologiya poznaniya: rechevaya oposredovannost' i kategorizaciya v sovremennoj kognitivnoj nauke: materialy Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii. YarGU, 10—11 dekabrya 2021 g. / Otv. red. I.Yu. Vladimirov, S.Yu. Korovkin. Yaroslavl': Filigran', 2022. P. 148—153. (In Russ.).
- Bilalić M., Graf M., Vaci N., Danek A.H. When the solution is on the doorstep: Better solving performance, but diminished Aha! experience for chess experts on the mutilated checkerboard problem // Cognitive science. 2019. Vol. 43. № P. e12771. DOI:10.1111/cogs.12771
- Birch H.G., Rabinowitz H.S. The negative effect of previous experience on productive thinking // Journal of experimental psychology. 1951. Vol. 41. № P. 121—125. DOI:10.1037/h0062635
- Bowden E.M., Jung-Beeman M. Normative data for 144 compound remote associate problems // Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers. 2003. Vol. 35. № P. 634—639. DOI:10.3758/BF03195543
- Bowden E.M., Jung-Beeman M., Fleck J., Kounios J. New approaches to demystifying insight // Trends in cognitive sciences. 2005. Vol. 9. № P. 322—328. DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.012
- Cranford E.A., Moss J. Is insight always the same? A protocol analysis of insight in compound remote associate problems // The Journal of Problem Solving. 2012. Vol. 4. № 2. P. 8. DOI:10.7771/1932-6246.1129
- Danek A.H., Fraps T., von Müller A., Grothe B., Öllinger M. Aha! experiences leave a mark: facilitated recall of insight solutions // Psychological research. 2013. Vol. 77. № 5. P. 659—669. DOI:10.1007/s00426-012-0454-8
- Danek A.H., Fraps T., von Müller A., Grothe B., Öllinger M. It's a kind of magic—what self-reports can reveal about the phenomenology of insight problem solving // Frontiers in psychology. 2014. Vol. 5. P. 1408. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01408
- Danek A.H., Wiley J. What about false insights? Deconstructing the Aha! experience along its multiple dimensions for correct and incorrect solutions separately // Frontiers in psychology. 2017. Vol. 7. P. 2077. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02077
- Danek A.H., Wiley J., Öllinger M. Solving classical insight problems without aha! experience: 9 dot, 8 coin, and matchstick arithmetic problems // The Journal of Problem Solving. 2016. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 4. DOI:10.7771/1932-6246.1183
- Duncker K., Lees L.S. On problem-solving // Psychological monographs. 1945. Vol. 58. № DOI:10.1037/h0093599
- Ellis J.J. Using eye movements to investigate insight problem solving. PhD Thesis, 2012. 102 p. DOI:10.1016/j.concog.2010.12.007
- Fedor A., Szathmáry E., Öllinger M. Problem solving stages in the five square problem // Frontiers in psychology. 2015. Vol. 6. P. 1050. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01050
- Imamoglu F., Kahnt T., Koch C., Haynes J.D. Changes in functional connectivity support conscious object recognition // Neuroimage. 2012. Vol. 63. № 4. P. 1909—1917. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.056
- Jung-Beeman M., Bowden E.M., Haberman J., Frymiare J.L., Arambel-Liu S., Greenblatt R., … Dehaene S. Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight // PLoS biology. 2004. Vol. 2. № 4. P. e97. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020097
- Kizilirmak J.M., Gallisch N., Schott B.H., Folta-Schoofs K. Insight is not always the same: differences between true, false, and induced insights in the matchstick arithmetic task // Journal of cognitive psychology. 2021. Vol. 33. № 6-7. P. 700—717. DOI:10.1080/20445911.2021.1912049
- Kizilirmak J.M., Galvao Gomes da Silva J., Imamoglu F., Richardson-Klavehn A. Generation and the subjective feeling of “aha!” are independently related to learning from insight // Psychological Research. 2016. Vol. 80. № P. 1059—1074. DOI:10.1007/s00426-015-0697-2
- Klein G., Jarosz A. A naturalistic study of insight // Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. 2011. Vol. 5. № P. 335—351. DOI:10.1177/1555343411427013
- Knoblich G., Ohlsson S., Haider H., Rhenius D. Constraint relaxation and chunk decomposition in insight problem solving // Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory, and cognition. 1999. Vol. 25. № P. 1534. DOI:10.1037/0278-7393.25.6.1534
- Knoblich G., Ohlsson S., Raney G.E. An eye movement study of insight problem solving // Memory & cognition. 2001. Vol. 29. № P. 1000—1009. DOI:10.3758/BF03195762
- Laukkonen R.E., Ingledew D.J., Grimmer H.J., Schooler J.W., Tangen J.M. Getting a grip on insight: real-time and embodied Aha experiences predict correct solutions // Cognition and Emotion. 2021. Vol. 35. №. 5. P. 918—935. DOI:10.1080/02699931.2021.1908230
- Laukkonen R.E., Kaveladze B.T., Protzko J., Tangen J.M., von Hippel W., Schooler J.W. Irrelevant insights make worldviews ring true // Scientific reports. 2022. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 1—9. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-05923-3
- Laukkonen R.E., Tangen J.M. How to detect insight moments in problem solving experiments // Frontiers in psychology. 2018. Vol. 9. P. 282. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00282
- Luo J., Knoblich G. Studying insight problem solving with neuroscientific methods // Methods. 2007. Vol. 42. № 1. P. 77—86. DOI:10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.12.005
- Luo J., Niki K., Phillips S. Neural correlates of the ‘Aha! reaction’ // Neuroreport. 2004. Vol. 15. № 13. P. 2013—2017.
- MacGregor J.N., Cunningham J.B. Rebus puzzles as insight problems // Behavior research methods. 2008. Vol. 40. № P. 263—268. DOI:10.3758/BRM.40.1.263
- Maier N.R.F. Reasoning in humans. II. The solution of a problem and its appearance in consciousness // Journal of comparative Psychology. 1931. Vol. 12. № P. 181.
- Metcalfe J., Wiebe D. Intuition in insight and noninsight problem solving // Memory & cognition. 1987. Vol. 15. № P. 238—246. DOI:10.3758/BF03197722
- Novick L.R., Sherman S.J. On the nature of insight solutions: Evidence from skill differences in anagram solution // The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A. 2003. Vol. 56. № 2. P. 351—382. DOI:10.1080/02724980244000288
- Ohlsson S. Deep learning: How the mind overrides experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- Ohlsson S. Information-processing explanations of insight and related phenomena // Advances in the Psychology of Thinking / Keane M.T., Gilhooly K.J. (Eds.). London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf, 1992. P. 1—44.
- Rothmaler K., Nigbur R., Ivanova G. New insights into insight: Neurophysiological correlates of the difference between the intrinsic “aha” and the extrinsic “oh yes” moment // Neuropsychologia. 2017. Vol. 95. P. 204—214. DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.017
- Salvi C., Bowden E.M. Looking for creativity: Where do we look when we look for new ideas? // Frontiers in psychology. 2016. P. 161. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00161
- Salvi C., Bricolo E., Franconeri S.L., Kounios J., Beeman M. Sudden insight is associated with shutting out visual inputs // Psychonomic bulletin & review. 2015. Vol. 22. № 6. P. 1814—1819. DOI:10.3758/s13423-015-0845-0
- Salvi C., Bricolo E., Kounios J., Bowden E., Beeman M. Insight solutions are correct more often than analytic solutions // Thinking & reasoning. 2016. Vol. 22. № 6. P. 443—460. DOI:10.1080/13546783.2016.1141798
- Sawilowsky S.S. New effect size rules of thumb // Journal of modern applied statistical methods. 2009. Vol. 8. № 2. P. 26. DOI:10.22237/jmasm/1257035100
- Shen W., Yuan Y., Liu C., Luo J. In search of the аha-experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem‐solving // British Journal of Psychology. 2016. Vol. 107. № 2. P. 281—298. DOI:10.1111/bjop.12142
- Spiridonov V., Loginov N., Ardislamov V. Dissociation between the subjective experience of insight and performance in the CRA paradigm // Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2021. Vol. 33. № 6—7. P. 685—699. DOI:10.1080/20445911.2021.1900198
- Topolinski S., Reber R. Immediate truth—Temporal contiguity between a cognitive problem and its solution determines experienced veracity of the solution // Cognition. 2010. Vol. 114. № 1. P. 117—122. DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.009
- Webb M.E., Cropper S.J., Little D.R. “Aha!” is stronger when preceded by a “huh?”: presentation of a solution affects ratings of aha experience conditional on accuracy // Thinking & Reasoning. 2019. Vol. 25. № 3. P. 324—364. DOI:10.1080/13546783.2018.1523807
- Webb M.E., Little D.R., Cropper S.J. Insight is not in the problem: Investigating insight in problem solving across task types // Frontiers in psychology. 2016. Vol. 7. P. 1424.DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01424
- Webb M.E., Little D.R., Cropper S. Once more with feeling: Normative data for the aha experience in insight and noninsight problems // Behavior research methods. 2018. Vol. 50. № 5. P. 2035— DOI:10.3758/s13428-017-0972-9
- Weisberg R.W. Prolegomena to theories of insight in problem solving: A taxonomy of problems // In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds). The nature of insight. The MIT Press. 1995. P. 157—196. DOI:10.7551/mitpress/4879.003.0009
- Weisberg R.W. Toward an integrated theory of insight in problem solving // Thinking & Reasoning. 2015. Vol. 21. № 1. P. 5— DOI:10.1080/13546783.2014.886625
- Wong T.J. Capturing' Aha!' moments of puzzle problems using pupillary responses and blinks: diss. University of Pittsburgh, 2009.
Information About the Authors
Metrics
Views
Total: 927
Previous month: 64
Current month: 42
Downloads
Total: 316
Previous month: 16
Current month: 16