Emotional Schema Therapy

3506

Abstract

Cognitive therapy has often been criticized as focusing exclusively on rational cogni¬tion rather than on the role of emotion in psychopathology. The Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) approach advances a model of how people think about and respond to their own emotions and those of others. Drawing on Beck’s schema model, the metacognitive model of Adrian Wells, the Acceptance and Commitment Model (ACT), and social cognitive theory, the EST model suggests that beliefs about the duration, controllability, legitimacy, normalcy, shame and guilt about emotions re¬sult in problematic strategies for coping with emotion, such as suppression, avoid¬ance, substance abuse, and rumination. I outline some of the main points of EST and the research supporting the model.

General Information

Keywords: Emotional schemas, cognitive therapy, emotion regulation, psychopathology

Journal rubric: Workshop and Methods

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2021290304

For citation: Leahy R.L. Emotional Schema Therapy. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2021. Vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 45–57. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2021290304.

References

  1. Bartlett F.C. Remembering: An experimental and social study. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1932. 332 p.
  2. Batmaz S., et al. Metacognitions and emotional schemas: a new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2014. Vol. 55 (7), pp. 1546—1555.
  3. Beck A.T. Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press, 1976. 356 p.
  4. Beck A.T. Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press, 1979. 425 p.
  5. Beck A.T., et al. Anxiety disorders and phobias : a cognitive perspective. Cambridge: MA, Basic Books, 2005. 384 p.
  6. Beck A.T., Freeman A. Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1990. 506 p.
  7. Boket E., Bahrami M., KolyaieL., Hosseini S.A. The effect of assertiveness skills training on reduction of verbal victimization of high school students. International journal of humanities and cultural studies, 2016. Vol. 8, pp. 690—699.
  8. Daneshmandi S., et al. The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on emotional schemas of female victims of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 2014. Vol. 22 (5), pp. 1481—1494.
  9. Edwards E.R., Micek A., Mottarella K., et al. Emotion ideology mediates effects of risk factors on alexithymia development. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive- Behavior Therapy, 2017. Vol. 35 (3), pp. 254—277.
  10. Erfan A., Noorbala A.A., Karbasi Amel S., et al. The Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on the Emotional Schemas and Emotional Regulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Single Subject Design. Advanced biomedical research, 2018. Vol. 7, p. 72. DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_113_16
  11. Greenberg L.S., Elliott R. Emotion-focused therapy. Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy: Integrative/eclectic, 2002. Vol. 4, pp. 213—240.
  12. Hayes S.C., et al. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. New York: Guilford Press, 2011. 402 p.
  13. Kargol L.V., Zemlianykh M.K. Emotional and Behavioral Components of Infertility-Related Stress Experienced by Infertile Women. Pediatrician. 2021. Vol. 12 (3). (in press)
  14. Khaleghi M., et al. Emotional Schema Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Single-Subject Design. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2017. Vol. 10 (4), pp. 269—282.
  15. Khosravani V., Ardestani S.m.S., Mohammadzadeh A., et al. The Emotional Schemas and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Dimensions in People with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2020. Vol.13 (1), pp. 341—357.
  16. Leahy R.L. A model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2002. Vol. 9, pp. 177—190.
  17. Leahy R.L. Resistance: An emotional schema therapy (EST) approach. In Simos G. (ed.) Cognitive behavior therapy: A guide for the practicing clinician. London: Routledge, 2009, pp. 187—204.
  18. Leahy R.L. Emotional schema therapy: A bridge over troubled waters. In Herbert J., Forman E. (ed.) Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. New York, Wiley, 2011, pp. 109—131.
  19. Leahy R.L. Emotional Schema Scale II. Unpublished scale, American Institute for Cognitive Therapy, 2012.
  20. Leahy R.L. Emotional schema therapy. New York: Guilford Publications, 2015. 384 p.
  21. Leahy R.L. Emotional Schema Therapy: Distinctive Features. London: Routledge, 2018. 176 p.
  22. Leahy R.L., Kaplan D. Emotional schemas and relationship adjustment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. New Orleans, LA, 2004. 54 p.
  23. Linehan M. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press, 1993. 558 p.
  24. Mazloom M., Yaghubi H., Mohammadkhani S. Post-traumatic stress symptom, metacognition, emotional schema and emotion regulation: A structural equation model. Personality and Individual Difference, 2016. Vol. 88, pp. 94—98.
  25. Morvaridi M., Mashhadi A., Shamloo Z., et al. The Effectiveness of Group Emotional Schema Therapy on Emotional Regulation and Social Anxiety Symptoms. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2018. Vol. 12, pp. 16—24. DOI: 10.1007/s41811-018-0037-6
  26. Naderi Y., et al. Effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies of combat-related post traumatic stress disorder veterans. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 2015. Vol. 7 (3), pp. 147—155.
  27. Piaget J. Genetic epistemology. Trans. E. Duckworth. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970. 159 p.
  28. Rezaei M., Ghadampur E., Kazemi R. Effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on rumination and severity of depression in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2016. Vol. 7 (4), pp. 45—58.
  29. Shahsavani S., Mashhadi A., Bigdeli I. The Effect of Group Emotional Schema Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Strategies in Women with Migraine Headaches: a Pilot Study. International J Cogn Ther, 2020. Vol. 13, pp. 328—340.
  30. Shahtoori G.K, Rahnejat A.M, Dabaghi P., et al. Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Improvement in Cognitive-Emotion Regulation in Attempting to Self-Mutilation Soldiers. J Mil Med, 2020. Vol. 22 (9), pp. 956—968.
  31. Silberstein L.R., et al. Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2012. Vol. 5 (4), pp. 406—419.
  32. Tirch D.D., et al. Emotional schemas, psychological flexibility, and anxiety: The role of flexible response patterns to anxious arousal. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2012. Vol. 5 (4), pp. 380—391.
  33. Trincas R., Bilotta E., Mancini F. Specific Beliefs about Emotions Are Associated with Different Emotion-Regulation Strategies. Scientific Research Publishing, 2016. Vol. 7, pp. 1682—1699.
  34. Wells A. Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York, Guilford, 2008. 316 p.
  35. Wenze S., et al. Longitudinal assessment of emotional schemas in bipolar outpatients. American psychiatric association. San Francisco, 2003.
  36. Westphal M., et al. Self-compassion and emotional invalidation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology. Psychiatry Research, 2016. Vol. 242, pp. 186—191.
  37. Young J. E. Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange, 1990. 96 p.

Information About the Authors

Robert L. Leahy, PhD, Director, American Institute for Cognitive Therapy, Clinical Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry at Weill-Cornell University Medical School, New York, USA, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-5675, e-mail: rleahyaict@gmail.com

Metrics

Views

Total: 2073
Previous month: 61
Current month: 20

Downloads

Total: 3506
Previous month: 115
Current month: 62