Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy
2026. Vol. 34, no. 3, 9–27
https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2026340301
ISSN: 2075-3470 / 2311-9446 (online)
Theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to the problem of psychological trauma
Abstract
Context and relevance. The problem of psychological traumatization has become especially relevant due to contemporary events associated with multiple societal crises and extreme situations such as military conflicts, socioeconomic instability, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, widespread severe illnesses, and the aftermath of pandemics. Objective. To systematize key modern approaches to understanding psychological trauma within both Russian and international academic literature. Methods and materials. This paper employs theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific publications addressing psychological traumatization from the last twenty years. Results. The article outlines contemporary Russian and foreign scientific perspectives on psychological trauma. The approaches to post-traumatic stress by N.V. Tarabrina, the procedural model by N.E. Kharlamenkova, the multiresource coping model by D.A. Leontiev, the psychodynamic approach by N.S. Khrustaleva, M.M. Reshetnikov, the crisis approach by A.G. Karayani, Yu.S. Shoigu, the medical approach by Yu.A. Alexandrovsky, K.A. Idrisov, and others are considered; the basic concepts, theories, and diagnostic tools are defined. Additionally, it reviews psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches prevalent in international psychology. The primary research areas concerning psychological trauma and continuous traumatic stress are also explored. Conclusions. In the most generalized form, psychotrauma can be considered as the result of a complex interaction of personality and unfavorable environmental conditions. Psychological trauma is a natural but extreme adaptive reaction to a stress level exceeding the resources of the psyche. Further research requires a detailed description of the mechanisms of its occurrence, the study of sustainability resources, complex cases and ways to overcome.
General Information
Keywords: рsychological trauma, stress, traumatic stress, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, continuous traumatic stress
Journal rubric: Research Reviews
Article type: research article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2026340301
Funding. he study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project number 25-18-00895, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-18-00895/.
Received 07.12.2025
Revised 11.05.2026
Accepted
Published
For citation: Kiseleva, I.V. (2026). Theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to the problem of psychological trauma. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 34(3), 9–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2026340301
© Kiseleva I.V., 2026
License: CC BY-NC 4.0
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