Correction of Cognitive and Emotional-Personal Processes Modification in Elderly Persons in a Non-Medicamentous Way (Method of Artificial Stable Functional Brain Connections)

382

Abstract

The relevance of the study is associated with an increase in population of the number of elderly and senile people suffering from dementia and anxiety-depressive disorders, as well as with the need to find effective ways to modify the psychological state of elderly people. The aim of the research was to study cognitive and emotional-personal processes in elderly people when exposed to the method of development and activation of artificial stable functional connections of the human brain. We examined 134 people 65–75 years old (69.12±7.64 years old) with mild cognitive impairments. To assess short-term memory, the Double test was used (Muchnik, Smirnov, 1969), to assess attention ― correction task (Sysoev, 2007). The emotional state was assessed using Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (Nemchin, 1983), the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory (Hvan et al., 2005) and the Questionnaire of the hierarchical structure of actual fears of the individual (Shcherbatykh, 1998). To study personality traits, the Standardized multifactorial method of personality research was used (SMIL, Sobchik, 2000). It has been shown that elderly persons with mild cognitive impairments, along with a decrease in working memory and attention, are characterized by a high level of anxiety, fear, and intrapersonal tension. Statistically significant interrelationships of memory with anxiety, aggression and indicators of SMIL personality scales (Neurotic overcontrol, Pessimism, Emotional lability, Impulsivity, Rigidity, Anxiety, Individualism, and Social introversion) were established. From the general group of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment, 34 people were selected for a course of modification of cognitive and emotional-personal processes. After exposure to the method of artificial stable functional connections (10 sessions), an increase in indicators of the volume of short-term memory and attention, a decrease in the level of anxiety, fear and personal tension was observed. A decrease in the number of statistically significant relationships between short-term memory and resentment, hostility, and general aggression was found. The data obtained indicate the need to modify cognitive functions, emotional state and personality, even with mild impairment in the psychological state, to prevent early dementia and improve personal adaptation in the elderly.

General Information

Keywords: elderly persons, cognitive functions, emotions, personality, artificial stable functional brain connections

Journal rubric: Empirical Research

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100408

Received: 22.03.2021

Accepted:

For citation: Reznikova T.N., Seliverstova N.A., Chikhachev I.V. Correction of Cognitive and Emotional-Personal Processes Modification in Elderly Persons in a Non-Medicamentous Way (Method of Artificial Stable Functional Brain Connections) [Elektronnyi resurs]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2021. Vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 162–184. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2021100408. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Baryl'nik Yu.B., Filippova N.V., Deeva M.A. et al. Vzaimosvyaz' kognitivnykh rasstroistv, ne dostigayushchikh stepeni dementsii, affektivnoi patologii i narushenii sna u patsientov
    v 55–65 let [Interrelation of the cognitive frustration which are not reaching degree of dementia, affective pathology and sleep disorders at patients in 55–65 years]. Byulleten' meditsinskikh internet-konferentsii=Bulletin of Medical Internet Conferences, 2016, vol. 6,
    no. 4, pp. 382–385. (In Russ.).
  2.  Gur'eva P.V. Vosstanovlenie dvigatel'nykh i kognitivnykh funktsii u bol'nykh s distsirkulyatornoi entsefalopatiei: diss. … kand. med. nauk [Motor and cognitive recovery in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. PhD (Medicine) diss.]. Irkutsk., 2010. 148 p. (In Russ.).
  3.  Dyusupova A.A, Dyusupov A.A. Starenie kak yavlenie psikhologicheskoe i sotsial'noe [Aging as phenomenon psychological and social]. Sborniki konferentsii NITs Sotsiosfera=Proceedings of conferences SIC Sociosphere. Praga, 2014, no. 23, pp. 33–35 (In Russ.)
  4.  Zakharov V.V. Umerennye kognitivnye rasstroistva. Diagnostika i lechenie [Mild cognitive impairment. Diagnostics and treatment]. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal=Russian Medical Journal, 2006, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 685–688. (In Russ.)
  5.  Muchnik L.S., Smirnov VM. Dvoinoi test dlya issledovaniya kratkovremennoi pamyati [The double test for a research of short-term memory]. In I.M. Tonkonogov (ed.), Psikhologicheskii eksperiment v nevrologicheskoi i psikhiatricheskoi klinike=A Psychological Experiment in Neurologic and Psychiatric Clinic. Leningrad: Medicina, 1969. p.283 (In Russ.).
  6.  Petrova A.N. Osobennosti emotsional'noi sfery u lits pozhilogo vozrasta, s kognitivnymi narusheniyami razlichnoi stepeni vyrazhennosti [Features of the emotional sphere at elderly people, with cognitive violations of various degree of expressiveness.]. In
    A.R. Khalikov (ed.), Sbornik statei po materialam vserossiiskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo konkursa=The collection of articles on materials of the All-Russian research competition. Ufa: Nauchno-izdatel'skii tsentr "Vestnik nauki", 2019. Pp. 144–149. (In Russ.).
  7.  Polishchuk Yu.I. Baranskaya I.V. Letnikova Z.V. Sostoyaniya smysloutraty v pozdnem vozraste i ikh rol' v formirovanii zatyazhnykh depressivnykh reaktsii i distimii [Conditions of a smysloutrata at late age and their role in formation of long depressive reactions and distimiya]. Sotsial'naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya=Social and Clinical Psychiatry, 2002,
    vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 10–13. (In Russ.).
  8.  Raevskii A. A., Osipova V. A. Narusheniya emotsional'noi sfery u pozhilykh patsientov
    s organicheskim rasstroistvom golovnogo mozga (obzor literatury) [Violations of the emotional sphere at elderly patients with organic disorder of a brain (the review of literature)]. Zhurnal professional'noi i klinicheskoi meditsiny=Journal of Professional and Clinical Medicine, 2012, no. 3, pp. 121–125. (In Russ.).
  9.  Reznikova T.N., Seliverstova N.A. O korrektsii psikhicheskogo sostoyaniya nemedikamentoznym sposobom pri rasseyannom skleroze [On the correction of a mental state in a non-drug way in multiple sclerosis]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya=Clinical and Special Psychology, 2019, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 177–188. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2019080111 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  10.  Reznikova T.N., Seliverstova N.A., Dik O.E. et al. Otsenka psikhofiziologicheskogo sostoyaniya u pozhilykh lits s umerennymi kognitivnymi narusheniyami pri sensornykh impul'snykh stimulyatsiyakh [Assessment of a psychophysiological state at older persons with moderate cognitive violations at touch pulse stimulations]. Psikhicheskoe zdorov'e=Mental Health, 2020, no. 9, pp. 12–18. DOI: 10.25557/2074-014X.2020.09.12-18 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  11.  Rybakova T.G., Balashova T.N. Kliniko-psikhologicheskaya kharakteristika i diagnostika affektivnykh rasstroistv pri alkogolizme: metodicheskie rekomendatsii [Clinical-psychological characterization and diagnosis of affective disorders in alcoholism: methodological recommendations]. Leningrad: LNIPI im. V.M. Bekhtereva, 1987. 27 p. (In Russ.).
  12.  Smirnov V.M., Borodkin Yu.S., Reznikova T.N. Svoistvo mozga cheloveka v usloviyakh aktivatsii podkorkovykh struktur formirovat' kompleks ustoichivykh vnutrimozgovykh funktsional'nykh svyazei (Diplom 101) [Human brain property in conditions of subcortical structures activation to form complex of stable intracerebral functional connections (Diplom 101)]. Nauchnye otkrytiya (Sbornik kratkikh opisanii)=Scientific Discoveries (Compendium of Short Descriptions), vol. 1. Moscow, Saint-Petersburg: 1999, pp. 23–26. (In Russ.).
  13.  Smulevich A.B. Depressii pri somaticheskikh i psikhicheskikh zabolevaniyakh [Depressions at somatic and mental diseases]. Moscow: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo, 2003. 432 p. (In Russ.).
  14.  Sobchik L.N. Standartizirovannyi mnogofaktornyi metod issledovaniya lichnosti [The standardized multiple-factor method of a research of the personality]. Saint-Petersburg: Rech', 2002. 217 p. (In Russ.).
  15.  Solov'eva A.P., Goryachev D.V., Arkhipov V.V. Kriterii otsenki kognitivnykh narushenii v klinicheskikh issledovaniyakh [Criteria for assessing cognitive impairment in clinical studies]. Vedomosti Nauchnogo tsentra ekspertizy sredstv meditsinskogo primeneniya= Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 2018, vol. 8,
    no. 4, pp. 218–230. DOI: 10.30895/1991-2919-2018-8-4-218-230 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  16.  Strizhitskaya O.Yu. Kognitivnyi rezerv kak determinanta pozitivnogo stareniya [Cognitive reserve as determinant of positive aging]. Mir pedagogiki i psikhologii=World of Pedagogics and Psychology, 2019, no. 1, pp. 200–210. (In Russ.).
  17.  Sysoev V.N. Test Landol'ta diagnostika rabotosposobnosti: metodicheskoe rukovodstvo [Landolta test diagnostics of working capacity: methodical management]. 2nd ed. Saint-Petersburg: IMATON. 2007. 32 p. (In Russ.).
  18.  Tkacheva O.N., Yakhno N.N., Neznanov N.G. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii «Kognitivnye rasstroistva u lits pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta» [Clinical Guidelines «Cognitive Disorders in Older and Senile Adults»]. Moscow: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2021. 272 p. (In Russ.).
  19.  Fedoryaka D.A. Osobennosti vnutrennei kartiny bolezni u lits s panicheskim rasstroistvom: avtoref. diss. kand. psikhol. nauk [Features of the internal picture of the disease in persons with panic disorder: PhD (in psychology) thesis. Saint-Petersburg: 2019. 25 p. (In Russ.).
  20.  Khvan A.A. Zaitsev Yu.A., Kuznetsova Yu.A. Opyt standartizatsii oprosnika izmereniya agressivnykh i vrazhdebnykh reaktsii A. Bassa i A. Darki [Experience in standardizing the questionnaire for measuring aggressive and hostile reactions of A. Buss and A. Durkee]. Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika=Psychological Diagnostics, 2008, no. 1, pp. 35–58. (In Russ.).
  21.  Khomskaya E.D. Neiropsikhologiya. Uchebnik [Neuropsychology. Textbook]. Moscow: UMK «Psikhologiya», 2020. 416 p. (In Russ.).
  22.  Shelekhova L.V. Matematicheskie metody v psikhologii i pedagogike. V skhemakh i tablitsakh. Uchebnoe posobie [Mathematical methods in psychology and pedagogics. In schemes and tables. Manual]. Saint-Petersburg: Lan', 2015. 224 p. (In Russ.).
  23.  Shcherbatykh Yu.V. Ivleva E.I. Psikhofiziologicheskie i klinicheskie aspekty strakha, trevogi i fobii [Psychophysiological and clinical aspects of fear, alarm and phobias]. Voronezh: Istoki, 1998. 281 p. (In Russ.).
  24.  Yatsenko M.V. Vliyanie tsvetovoi fotostimulyatsii na effektivnost' zapominaniya [Effect of color photo stimulation on memory efficiency]. Vestnik psikhologii i pedagogiki Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta=Bulletin of Psychology and Pedagogy of Altai State University, 2017, no. 1, pp. 131–139. (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.)
  25.  Buss A.H., Durkee A. An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1957, no. 21, pp. 343–349. DOI: 10.1037/h0046900
  26.  Ceïde M.E., Warhit A., Ayers E.I. et al. Apathy and the risk of predementia syndromes in community-dwelling older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2020, vol. 75,
    no. 7, pp. 1443–1450. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa063
  27.  Ding Y.Y., Kuha J., Murphy M. Pathways from physical frailty to activity limitation in older people: Identifying moderators and mediators in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Experimental Gerontology, 2017, vol. 98, pp. 169–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger. 2017.08.029
  28.  Folstein M., Folsten S., McHugh P. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 1975, vol. 12, pp. 189–198.
  29.  Hess T.M. Selective engagement of cognitive resources: Motivational Influences on older adults’ cognitive functioning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2014, vol. 9,
    pp. 388–407. DOI: 10.1177/1745691614527465
  30.  Sutin A.R., Stephan Y., Luchetti M. et al. Loneliness and risk of dementia. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2020, vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 1414–1422, DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby112
  31.  Taylor J.A. A personality scale of manifest anxiety. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1953, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 285–290. DOI: 10.1037/h0056264
  32.  Williams J.H. Frequency-specific effect of flicker on recognition memory. Neurosciеnсe, 2001, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 283–286. DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00579-0
  33.  Williams J.H., Ramaswamy D., Oulhaj A. 10 Hz flicker improves recognition memory in older people. BMC Neurosciеnсe, 2006, vol. 7, no. 21, pp. 230–237. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-7-21
  34.  Zung W.W. A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1965,
    vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 63–70. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

Information About the Authors

Tatyana N. Reznikova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Leading Researcher, Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-6112, e-mail: tnreznikova@ihb.spb.ru

Nataliya A. Seliverstova, PhD in Psychology, Associate researcher, Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-0476, e-mail: seliverstova@ihb.spb.ru

Igor V. Chikhachev, PhD student, Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-8708, e-mail: igor.chikhachev@ihb.spb.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 1032
Previous month: 35
Current month: 2

Downloads

Total: 382
Previous month: 7
Current month: 1