Clinical Psychology and Special Education
2023. Vol. 12, no. 3, 30–56
doi:10.17759/cpse.2023120302
ISSN: 2304-0394 (online)
The Historical Evolution and Modern Research of the Alliance in Psychotherapy and Counseling
Abstract
This article presents a narrative review of the development of the concept of the “alliance” in psychotherapy and counseling and its current research trends. The paper describes the change in the perceptions of the alliance — from its perception as neurotic transfer to a separate parameter of relationship, consisting of successful collaboration and trusting interpersonal connection. The most commonly used survey methods for assessing the alliance are reviewed, with psychometric properties provided. The article gives an overview of the use of psycho-physiological and behavioral parameters of the therapist and client as correlates of the alliance. The advantages and disadvantages of objective methods of studying the alliance are discussed. The authors note the relationship between the quality of the alliance in the therapist-client dyads and the degree of interpersonal synchronization of the dyads at different levels during sessions, including measures of oxytocin, the convergence of dyad language styles, and the level of brain-to-brain synchronization. The authors conclude that conducting multi-level, interdisciplinary studies that combine objective and subjective parameters is necessary for the formation of a model of the alliance that includes its cognitive and affective aspects.
General Information
Keywords: psychotherapy, counseling, therapeutic relationship, alliance, evolution of alliance, common factors
Journal rubric: Theoretical Research
Article type: scientific article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2023120302
Funding. This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, (Agreement № 075-10-2021-093, Project COG-RND-2104).
Received: 15.08.2023
Accepted:
For citation: Oreshina G.V., Zhukova M.A. The Historical Evolution and Modern Research of the Alliance in Psychotherapy and Counseling [Elektronnyi resurs]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2023. Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 30–56. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2023120302. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
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