Clinical Psychology and Special Education
2024. Vol. 13, no. 1, 5–23
doi:10.17759/cpse.2024130101
ISSN: 2304-0394 (online)
Empathic Potential in Preschool Children with Mental Retardation
Abstract
The work is aims to study the features of empathic potential in children with mental retardation. The materials of empirical research obtained from a sample of preschool children are presented. The study involved respondents aged 5 to 6 years (N=32; M=5.19; SD=0.37) with an average level of intelligence. Pictures from the children's educational game “ABC of Emotions” (N.L. Belopolskaya), the drawing technique “Draw yourself”, the technique “Plot pictures” (R.R. Kalinina), the technique “Unfinished stories” (T.P. Gavrilova) and the Wexler’s test (children's version) were used. Mathematical processing methods include: χ2 (chi-squared) Pearson, Mann-Whitney U-test, cluster regression analysis. The results obtained make it possible to say that children with mental retardation do not differ from children without this status in terms of emotional awareness, the nature of emotional response and the moral component of empathic potential in general. At the same time, children with mental retardation find it difficult to choose the nature of their emotional response. This is a fact that can be used as a marker to determine the status of mental retardation. The results can be used in developing psychocorrection programs.
General Information
Keywords: mental retardation, preschooler, empathy, empathic potential, emotional awareness, emotional response, naming emotions, compassion
Journal rubric: Empirical Research
Article type: scientific article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2024130101
Received: 29.08.2023
Accepted:
For citation: Ignatova E.S., Ushakova L.L., Kusheva E.V. Empathic Potential in Preschool Children with Mental Retardation [Elektronnyi resurs]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2024. Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 5–23. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2024130101. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)
References
- Artem'eva T.V., Mikheeva V.V. Izuchenie strukturno-funktsional'nykh kharakteristik prognozirovaniya u doshkol'nikov s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya [Study of structural and functional characteristics of prediction in preschool children with mental retardation]. Sotsializatsiya lichnosti na raznykh etapakh vozrastnogo razvitiya: opyt, problemy, perspektivy: Sbornik nauchnykh statei VIII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Socialization of personality at different stages of age development: experience, problems, prospects: Collection of scientific articles of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Grodno: Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 2021. Pp. 33–38. (In Russ.)
- Artem'eva T.P. Izuchenie i razvitie emotsional'noi sfery mladshikh shkol'nikov s umstvennoi otstalost'yu i zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya. [Investigation and development of emotional sphere of junior schoolchildren with special educational needs]. Spetsial'noe obrazovanie = Special Education, Vol. 1 (41), pp. 5–15. (In Russ.)
- Babkina N.V., Korobeinikov I.A. Tipologicheskaya differentsiatsiya zaderzhki psikhicheskogo razvitiya kak instrument sovremennoi obrazovatel'noi praktiki [Typological Differentiation of Developmental Delay as a Tool of Modern Educational Practice]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2019. Vol. 8, no 3, pp. 125–142. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2019080307 (In Russ.)
- Belopol'skaya N.L. Azbuka nastroenii. Emotsional'no-kommunikativnaya igra dlya detei 4-10 let [The ABC of moods. A communicative and educational game for children 4-10 years old]. Moscow: Cogito-Centre, 2008. 36 p. (In Russ.)
- Boryakova N.Yu. Stupen'ki razvitiya. Rannyaya diagnostika i korrektsiya zaderzhki psikhicheskogo razvitiya u detei [The steps of development. Early diagnosis and correction of mental retardation in children]. Moscow: Gnom-Press, 2002. 64 p. (In Russ.)
- Bochkina E.V. Osobennosti detei s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya (ZPR) v period doshkol'nogo detstva [Peculiarities of children with mental retardation (PD) during preschool childhood]. Epokha nauki = The age of science, 2022. No. 32, pp. 188–194. DOI: 10.24412/2409-3203-2022-32-188-194 (In Russ.)
- Veraksa N.E. Teoreticheskie osnovaniya issledovaniya svyazi dialekticheskogo myshleniya i ponimaniya emotsii det'mi doshkol'nogo vozrasta [Theoretical foundations of research in relation of dialectical thinking and emotions understanding in preschool children]. Vestnik MGPU. Seriya: Pedagogika i psikhologiya = MCU Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology. Series: Pedagogy and Psychology, 2021. Vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 105–116. DOI: 10.25688/2076-9121.2021.58.4.06 (In Russ.)
- Veraksa N.E., Airapetyan Z.V., Gavrilova M.N., Tarasova K.S. Vzaimosvyaz' dialekticheskogo myshleniya i ponimaniya emotsii u starshikh doshkol'nikov [The Relationship Between Dialectical Thinking and Emotion Understanding in Senior Preschool Children]. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2022. Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41–49. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2022180104 (In Russ.)
- Vlasova T.A., Pevzner M.S. Uchitelyu o detyakh s otkloneniyami v razvitii [To the teacher about children with developmental disabilities]. Moscow: Prosvescheniye, 1967. 206 p. (In Russ.)
- Gavrilova T.P. Analiz empatiinykh perezhivanii mladshikh shkol'nikov i mladshikh podrostkov [Analysis of empathic experiences of younger schoolchildren and younger adolescents]. In: A.A. Bodalev (Ed.). Psikhologiya mezhlichnostnogo poznaniya = Psychology of interpersonal cognition. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1981. Pp. 122–138. (In Russ.)
- Gavrilova T.P. Eksperimental'noe izuchenie empatii u detei mladshego i srednego shkol'nogo vozrasta [Experimental study of empathy in children of primary and secondary school age]. Voprosy psikhologii=Questions of psychology, 1974. No. 5, pp. 107–114. (In Russ.)
- Gadzhimagomedova T.G. Problemy poznavatel'noi deyatel'nosti detei s ZPR [Problems of cognitive activity of children with ASD]. Sibirskii pedagogicheskii zhurnal = Siberian Pedagogical Journal, 2007. No. 13, pp. 300–306. (In Russ.)
- Golubeva A.D. Razvitie emotsional'nogo intellekta u detei s ZPR [The development of emotional intelligence in children with ASD]. Mezhdunarodnye nauchnye chteniya: Sbornik statei II Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [International scientific readings: Collection of articles of the II international scientific and practical conference]. Petrozavodsk: Publ. house «International Center for Scientific Partnership “New Science”», 2023. Pp. 319–323. (In Russ.)
- Gorbatova E.A. Empatiya: psikhologicheskaya struktura i mekhanizmy realizatsii [Empathy: Psychological structure and mechanisms of realization]. Uchenye zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta psikhologii i sotsial'noi raboty = Scientific notes of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work, 2014. No. 1, pp. 23–29. (In)
- Davydenko L.L., Ignatova E.S. Empatiya u detei s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya: [The empathy of children with mental retardation]. Budushchee klinicheskoi psikhologii — 2019: Materialy Vserossiiskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = The future of clinical psychology — 2019: Materials XIII All-russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Perm', 2019. Pp. 58–64. URL: http://www.psu.ru/files/docs/science/books/sborniki/budushee-klinicheskoy-psihologii-2019.pdf (accessed: 15.08.2022) (In Russ.)
- Danilenko M.A. Sovremennye faktory razvitiya detei s ZPR [Modern factors of development of children with ASD]. Sovremennoe obshchee obrazovanie: problemy, innovatsii, perspektivy: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Modern general education: problems, innovations, prospects: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. Ed. T.M. Bakurova [et al.]. Orel: I.S. Turgenev Oryol State University, 2022. Pp. 874–878. (In Russ.)
- Dermanova I.B. Metodika «Syuzhetnye kartinki» [The technique of "Plot pictures"]. Diagnostika emotsional'no-nravstvennogo razvitiya [Diagnostics of emotional and moral development]. Ed. and comp. I.B. Dermanova. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 35. (In Russ.)
- Dolgova V.I., Mel'nik E.V. Empatiya [Empathy]. Moscow: Publ. house «Pero», 2014. 185 p. (In Russ.)
- Izotova E.I., Nikiforova E.V. Emotsional'naya sfera rebenka: Teoriya i praktika [Emotional sphere of child: Theory and practice]. Moscow: Publ. centre «Akademiya», 2004. 288 p. (In Russ.)
- Kalinina R.R. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskaya diagnostika v detskom sadu [Psychological and pedagogical diagnostic in kindergarten]. St. Petersburg: Rech', 2003. 144 p. (In Russ.)
- Kirilova V.A., Terent'eva N.P. Osobennosti razvitiya nravstvenno-eticheskoi sfery doshkol'nikov s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya [Features of the development of the moral and ethical sphere of preschoolers with mental retardation]. Aktual'nye problemy nauki i perspektivy razvitiya obrazovaniya: Sbornik statei Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Actual problems of science and prospects for the development of science: A collection of articles of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Orekhovo-Zuyevo: State University of Humanities and Technology, 2022. Pp. 75–80. (In Russ.)
- Kuchkina A.A. Osobennosti razvitiya empatii u detei srednego doshkol'nogo vozrasta [Features of the development of empathy in children of middle preschool age]. Mirovaya nauka = World Science, 2022. Vol. 12 (69), pp. 182–189. (In Russ.)
- Lapteva Yu.A., Morozova I.S. Razvitie emotsional'noi sfery rebenka doshkol'nogo vozrasta [Emotional development of preschool children]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Kemerovo State University Bulletin, 2016. Vol. 3 (67), pp. 51–55. (In Russ.)
- Larionova S.O. Osobennosti deviantnogo povedeniya detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya [Features of deviant behaviour of primary school age children with mental retardation]. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie = Pedagogical Education, 2012. No. 3, pp. 45–51. (In Russ.)
- Maksimova E.Yu. Zaderzhka psikhicheskogo razvitiya u detei i podrostkov kak faktor deviantnogo povedeniya: sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie i filosofski-pedagogicheskie aspekty [Mental retardation in children and adolescents as a factor of deviant behavior: socio-psychological and philosophical and pedagogical aspects]. Istoriko-kriticheskie obzory i sovremennye issledovaniya = Psychology. Historical-critical Reviews and Current Researches, 2019. Vol. 8, no. 4A, pp. 90–101. DOI: 10.34670/AR.2019.44.4.014 (In Russ.)
- Metodicheskie rekomendatsii, soderzhashchie primernye zaklyucheniya PMPK, uchityvayushchie razlichnye nozologicheskie osobennosti nesovershennoletnikh: metodicheskie rekomendatsii [Methodological recommendations containing approximate conclusions of the PMPC, taking into account various nosological characteristics of minors: methodological recommendations]. Comp. A.J. Alimbayeva, V.S. Gorodetskaya, S.A. Melnikova, E.Yu. Shenogina, I.A. Zhuravleva (Ed.). Khanty-Mansiysk: Institute of Education Development, 2020. 76 p. (In Russ.)
- Mironova A.B. Obshchie voprosy i problemy psikhologii i pedagogiki detei s ZPR [General issues and problems of psychology and pedagogy of children with ASD]. Perspektivnye nauchnye issledovaniya: opyt, problemy i perspektivy razvitiya: Sbornik nauchnykh statei po materialam X Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Chast' 2 = Promising scientific research: experience, problems and prospects of development: A collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the X International scientific and practical conference. Part 2. Ufa: LLC «Scientific Publishing Center “Vestnik nauki”», 2023. Pp. 252–255. (In Russ.)
- Odintsova E.Yu. Kharakteristika uslovii obucheniya detei s ZPR na sovremennom etape [Characteristics of the learning conditions for children with ASD at the present stage]. Vestnik Cherepovetskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of Cherepovets State University, 2012. Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 120–122. (In Russ.)
- Omarova P.O. Kharakteristika sotsial'nogo razvitiya detei s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya [The specificity of socialization of mentally retarded children is described, as well as their relations with family, teachers and friends]. Izvestiya Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.G. Gertsena = Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia News, 2010. No. 125, pp. 69–77. (In Russ.)
- Petrova K.A. Empatiya kak psikhologicheskii mekhanizm razvitiya etnicheskogo samosoznaniya lichnosti [Empathy as a psychological mechanism for the development of ethnic identity of a person]. Omskii nauchnyi vestnik = Omsk scientific Bulletin, 2009. Vol. 4 (179), pp. 125–128. (In Russ.)
- Sergienko E.A. Model' psikhicheskogo kak novaya issledovatel'skaya paradigma kognitivnoi psikhologii [Theory of Mind as the New Research Paradigm in Cognitive Psychology]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Ser. Gumanitarnye nauki = Scientific Notes of Kazan University. Series of Humanities, No. 4, pp. 265–279. (In Russ.)
- Sergienko E.A., Ulanova A.Yu., Lebedeva E.I. Model' psikhicheskogo: Struktura i dinamika [Theory of Mind: Structure and Dynamics]. Moscow: Publ. house «Institut psikhologii RAN», 2020. 503 p. (In Russ.)
- Sorokoumova S.N. Izuchenie empatii u starshikh doshkol'nikov v usloviyakh inklyuzivnogo obucheniya [The study of empathy in older preschoolers in an inclusive learning environment]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya Psikhologicheskie nauki = Moscow State Region University Bulletin. Series of Psychological Sciences, 2010. No. 3, pp. 98–103. (In Russ.)
- Spetsial'naya psikhologiya [Special Psychology]. Ed. V.I. Lubovskiy. Moscow: Publ. centre «Akademiya», 2007. 464 p. (In Russ.)
- Faustova I.V. Osobennosti proyavleniya empatii det'mi starshego doshkol'nogo vozrasta iz polnykh i nepolnykh semei [Features of the manifestation of empathy by children of senior preschool age from full and incomplete families]. Sotsial'noe razvitie detei v mul'tikul'turnom mire: materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Social development of children in a multicultural world: materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Yelets: I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, 2023. Pp. 107–110. (In Russ.)
- Fomina D.A. Razvitie emotsional'noi sfery u detei 5–6 let s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya v igrovoi deyatel'nosti [The development of the emotional sphere in children 5-6 years old with mental retardation in play activities]. Innovatsionnaya nauka = Innovative science, 2015. No. 5, pp. 265–268. (In Russ.)
- Khasanova R.I. Osobennosti empatii u doshkol'nikov s narusheniem intellektual'nogo razvitiya [Features of empathy in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities]. Thesis (PhD). St. Petersburg, 2009. 204 p. (In Russ.)
- Shumskaya N.A. Strukturno-urovnevye kharakteristiki intellekta doshkol'nikov s zaderzhkoi psikhicheskogo razvitiya tserebral'no-organicheskogo geneza [Structural and level characteristics of the intelligence of preschoolers with mental retardation of cerebral organic genesis]. Vestnik SPbGU. Ser. 12 = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 274–280. (In Russ.)
- Davis M.H. Empathy. Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Third Edition). H.S. Friedman, C.H. Markey. London: Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 1, pp. 751–760. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-91497-0.00027-8
- Goryacheva T., Sinelnikova A. Empathy maturing in children with mental retardation. Abstracts of the 16th International Congress of ESCAP European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 24, p. 149.
Information About the Authors
Metrics
Views
Total: 429
Previous month: 74
Current month: 46
Downloads
Total: 142
Previous month: 28
Current month: 12