Primary Adaptation and Validation of The Schwarzer’s Scale “Proactive Attitudes” in a Non-Clinical Sample: Сhecking Internal Consistency and Test-Reliability

354

Abstract

The article presents the results of translation, verification of internal consistency, standardization, validation, and test-retest reliability of the R. Schwarzer scale, called «Proactive Attitudes». This scale consists of 8 questions, designed to assess the level of proactive attitudes as a proactive attitude towards future events. The total sample of the study consisted of 385 people (245 women and 140 men) aged 16—55 years. The Russian-language version of the scale showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient — α = 0.768) between the ages of 16 and 55. Factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure of the scale (factor «Possibility of self-choice»). Spearman test-retest reliability indicators turned out to be significant (the first measurement — r = 0.68 at p≤0.01; the second measurement after 3 weeks — r = 0.78 at p≤0.01). The scale also revealed convergent validity and discrimination (according to Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, it ranged from 0.547 to 0.800 at p≤0.01; Pearson’s item-total correlation ranged from 0.351 to 0.635 at p≤0.01). The mean values on the scale are highlighted, gender differences are presented. The scale «Proactive attitudes» is an express method in assessing the proactive orientation of a person, has the necessary psychometric characteristics. The prospect of the work consists in further standardization in other age groups, clarification of the data of construct and external validity.

General Information

Keywords: proactive attitude, proactive coping behavior, internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, test-retest reliability

Journal rubric: Psychodiagnostics

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2022150215

Received: 04.11.2020

Accepted:

For citation: Bekhter A.A. Primary Adaptation and Validation of The Schwarzer’s Scale “Proactive Attitudes” in a Non-Clinical Sample: Сhecking Internal Consistency and Test-Reliability. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2022. Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 213–226. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2022150215. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Anastazi A., Urbina S. Psihologicheskoe testirovanie [Psychological testing], 7-e izd. Petersburg: Piter, 2005. 688 p. (In Russ.).
  2. Balashova E.Yu. Vospriyatie vremeni i nekotorye metodicheskie vozmozhnosti ego izucheniya v kliniko-psikhologicheskikh issledovaniyakh [Perception of Time and Some Methodical Possibilities of Its Study in Clinical Psychological Research]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial’naia psikhologiia [Clinical Psychology and Special Education], 2017. Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 97—108. DOI: 10.17759 /psycljn.2017060208 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  3. Bekhter A.A. Issledovanie proaktivnogo sovladayushchego povedeniya i proaktivnykh attityudov mladshikh shkol’nikov: postanovka problem [Research of Proactive Coping Behavior and Proactive Attitudes at Younger Pupils: Statement of The Problem] // The Psikhologiya stressa i sovladayushchego povedeniya: vyzovy, resursy, blagopoluchie [Psychology of Stress and Coping Behavior: Challenges, Resources, Well-being]. Proseeding of V International conference. Kostroma: Kostroma State University publ., 2019, Vol. 1, pp. 314—318 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  4. Bekhter A.A. Psikhologicheskii analiz reaktivno-proaktivnogo sovladaniya narkozavisimykh muzhchinPsychological [Analysis of Reactive-Proactive Coping of Drug-Dependent Men]. Klinicheskaia i spetsial’naia psikhologiia [Clinical Psychology and Special Education], 2020. Vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 21—35. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2020090402 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  5. Bekhter A.A., Golovacheva M.V. Vzaimosvjazi stilej proaktivnogo sovladejushhego povedenija studentov i obshhego urovnja stressa. Lichnost’ v obrazovatel’nom prostranstve: variativnost’ podhodov k soderzhaniju i tehnologijam psihologo-pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdenija / In E.N. Tkach. Khabarovsk: PNU publ., 2020, pp. 34—39. (In Russ.).
  6. Belinskaya E.P., Vecherin A.V., Agadullina E.R. Oprosnik proaktivnogo kopinga: adaptatsiya na neklinicheskoi vyborke i prognosticheskie vozmozhnosti [Proactive Coping Inventory: adaptation to a non-clinical sample and predictive capability]. Klinicheskaya i spetsial’naya psikhologiya [Сlinical Psychology and Special Educational], 2018. Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 192—211. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2018070312 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  7. Erzin A.I., Antohin E.U. Aprobacija metodiki diagnostiki proaktivnosti v klinicheskih vyborkah [Testing the proactivity diagnostic technique in clinical samples]. Psihologija i psihotehnika [Psychology and Psychotechnics], 2015, no. 5 (80), pp. 493—499. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.5.13777 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  8. Erzin A.I. Metodika «Proaktivnoe povedenie»: opisanie shkal i pervichnaja ocenka psihometricheskih pokazatelej [Methodology «Proactive behavior»: description of scales and primary assessment of psychometric indicators] // Aktual’nye problemy psihologicheskogo znanija [Actual Problems of Psychological Knowledge], 2014, no. 4, pp. 59—69. (In Russ.).
  9. Krjukova T.L., Kuftjak E.V., Zamyshljaeva M.S. Adaptacija metodik, izuchenie sovladajushhego povedenija way of coping questionnaire (oprosnik sposobov sovladanija R. Lazarusa i S. Folkmana) [Adaptation of techniques, study of coping behavior way of coping questionnaire (questionnaire of coping methods by R.Lazarus and S.Folkman)] // Psihologicheskaja diagnostika [Psychological diagnostics], 2005, no. 3, pp. 57—76. (In Russ.).
  10. Kuftyak E.V., Bekhter A.A. Stress i proaktivnoe sovladajushhee povedenie v period pandemii COVID-19: dannye on-lajn oprosa [Stress and Proactive Coping Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from an Online Survey]. Medicinskaja psihologija v Rossii [Medical Psychology in Russia], 2020, 12 (6). URL: http://mprj.ru (Accessed: 20.02.2021). (In Russ.).
  11. Leont’ev D.A. Psihologija smysla: priroda, stroenie i dinamika smyslovoj real’nosti [The psychology of meaning: nature, structure and dynamics of meaningful reality], 3-e izd., dop. Moscow: Smysl, 2007. 511 p. (In Russ.).
  12. Nasledov A.D. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 i AMOS: professional’nyi statisticheskii analiz dannykh [IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and AMOS: Professional Statistical Data Analysis]. : Peter publ., 2013. 416 p. (In Russ.).
  13. Starchenkova E.S. Kontseptsiia proaktivnogo sovladaiushchego povedeniia [The concept of proactive coping behavior]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University], 2009. Ser. 12. 2, part. 1, pp. 198—205. (In Russ.).
  14. Zilmak A.N. Tipologiya zhiznedeyatel’nostnykh ustanovok lichnosti [Typology of personality attitudes] // Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie [Psychological Science and Education], 2012, no. 1. URL: http://psyedu.ru/journal/2012/1/2644.phtml (Accessed: 20.02.2021). (In Russ.).
  15. Romek V.G., Shvarcer R., Erusalem M. Russkaja versija shkaly obshhej samojeffektivnosti R.Shvarcera i M.Erusalema [Russian version of the scale of general self-efficacy by R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem] // Inostrannaja psihologija [Foreign Philosophy], 1996, no. 7, pp. 71—77. (In Russ.).
  16. Dumitrescu A.L., Dogaru B.C., Dogaru C.D., Manolescu B. The Relationship Between Self-Reported Oral Health, Self-Regulation, Proactive Coping, Procrastination and Proactive Attitude // Community Dental Health, 2011. 28, pp. 170—173. DOI: 10.1922/CDH_2554Dumitrescu04
  17. Nabeel T., Zafar H. Parental Attachment and Proactive Attitude among Adolescents // Multidisciplinary Research Journal (JPAIR), 2012. 7, no. 1, pp. 281—301.
  18. Greenglass E., Schwarzer R., Jakubiec D., Fiksenbaum L., Taubert S. The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): A Multidimensional Research Instrument // Stress and Anxiety Research Society (STAR): Proceeding of the 20th International Conference. Cracow, Poland, 1999, pp. 264—274. URL: http://www.alabanza.com/ lothian/york/
  19. Sachs J. Psychometric Properties of The Proactive Attitude Scale in Students at the University of Hong Kong // Psychological Repor, 2003. 93, pp. 805—815. DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.805
  20. Schwarzer R., Jerusalem M. Skalen zur erfassung von lehrer- und schülermerkmalen: dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahrenim Rahmen der Wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs Selbstwirksame Schulen. Berlin, 1999. 101 p.
  21. Schwarzer R. Stress, resources, and proactive coping. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 2001. 50, no. 3, pp. 400—407.

Information About the Authors

Anna A. Bekhter, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-558X, e-mail: behter2004@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 1120
Previous month: 42
Current month: 10

Downloads

Total: 354
Previous month: 17
Current month: 1