The Problem of Psychological and Emotional Well-Being of Children and Resilience of Parents in Modern Foreign Studies

The article presents an overview of a number of modern foreign studies on psychological and emotional well-being of children and relationship between their emotional well-being and the resilience of their parents in the interval from 2018 till 2023 which was a difficult life period for many families. An attempt was made to analyze various approaches of foreign researchers to understanding the problem of psychological well-being and its difference from emotional well-being. The article emphasizes similarity in foreign scholars’ understanding of the concept of "emotional well-being" and the concepts of: "socio-emotional well-being", "socio-emotional development", "socio-emotional competence / skills". The practical relevance of the research is described as efficient in the programs for psychoprophylaxis of emotional distress in children. Some studies of the emotional development of children and its disorders in connection with the peculiarities of parenthood, family resilience, with the personal characteristics of parents and their resilience (parental resilience) are presented. The model describes parental resilience developed by in the context of the emotional well-being of children.

1. van Udenkhoven N. Pokazateli, shkaly i drugie instrumenty dlya izmereniya kachestva primenitel'no k sfere razvitiya detei rannego vozrasta [Indicators, scales and other tools for measuring quality in relation to the development of young children] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Upravlenie obrazovaniem: teoriya i praktika = Education Management Review, 2011. Vol. 1, no. 4(4), pp. 95—116. URL: https://emreview.ru/index.php/emr/issue/view/4/4 (Accessed 07.08.2023). (In Russ.).
2. Dubrovina I.V. Fenomen «psikhologicheskoe blagopoluchie» v kontekste sotsial'noi situatsii razvitiya [The Phenomena of “Psychological Well-Being” in the Context of the Social Situation of Development]. Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya = Bulletin of Psychological Practice in Education, 2020. Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 9—21. DOI:10.17759/bppe.2020170301 (In Russ.).
3. Ivanova E.V., Shapovalenko I.V. Kompleksnaya otsenka emotsional'nogo blagopoluchiya doshkol'nika [A Preschooler's Emotional Wellbeing Complex Assessment] [Elektronnyi resurs]. Aktual'nye problemy psikhologicheskogo znaniya = Actual problems of psychological knowledge, 2016, no. 2(39), pp. 23—35. URL: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_26714064_73551461.pdf (Accessed 03.08.2023). (In Russ.).
4. Oslon V.N., Semya G.V., Prokopyeva, L.M., Kolesnikova U.V. Operatsional'naya model' i instrumentarii dlya izucheniya sub"ektivnogo blagopoluchiya detei-sirot i detei, ostavshikhsya bez popecheniya roditelei [Operational Model and Tools for Studying Subjective Well-Being of Orphans and Children Without Parental Care]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2020. Vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 41—50. DOI:10.17759/pse.2020250604 (In Russ.).
5. Wirth M., Voss A., Wirth S., Rothermund K. Affect dynamics and well-being: explanatory power of the model of intraindividual variability in affect (MIVA). Cognition & Emotion, 2022. Vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 188—210. DOI:10.1080/02699931.2021.1993148
6. Buchanan T.M., Buchanan J., Kadey K.R. Predicting with your head, not your heart: Forecasting errors and the impact of anticipated versus experienced elements of regret on well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 2019. Vol. 43, pp. 971—984. DOI:10.1007/s11031-019-09772-y
7. Sun J., Singletary B., Jiang H., Justice L.M., Lin T.J., Purtell K.M. Child behavior problems during COVID-19: Associations with parent distress and child social-emotional skills. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2022. Vol. 78, article ID 101375. 9 p. DOI:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101375
8. Fivush R., Marin K., Crawford M., Reynolds M., Brewin C.R. Children's narratives and well-being. Cognition & Emotion, 2007. Vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1414—1434. DOI:10.1080/02699930601109531
9. Jiang S., Jiang C., Ren Q., Wang L. Cyber victimization and psychological well-being among Chinese adolescents: Mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction and moderating role of positive parenting. Children and Youth Services Review, 2021. Vol. 130, article ID 106248. 8 p. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106248
10. Dachew B. A., Heron J. E., Alati R. Parental depressive symptoms across the first three years of a child's life and emotional and behavioural problem trajectories in children and adolescents. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2023. Vol. 159, pp. 135—144. DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.019
11. Trecca F., Bleses D., Højen A., Laursen B. Direct and indirect effects from parenting self-efficacy and parenting practices to social-emotional adjustment in 3- to 5-year-old children. Acta Psychologica, 2022. Vol. 229, article ID 103673. 8 p. DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103673
12. Lee S.Y., Rodgers J., Rockli K., Subramanian S.V. Distributional effects on children's cognitive and social-emotional outcomes in the Head Start Impact Study: A quantile regression approach. SSM — Population Health, 2022. Vol. 18, article ID 101108. 6 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101108
13. Lennarz H.K., Lichtwarck-Aschoff A., Timmerman M.E., Granic I. Emotion differentiation and its relation with emotional well-being in adolescents. Cognition & Emotion, 2018. Vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 651—657. DOI:10.1080/02699931.2017.1338177
14. England-Mason G., Andrews K., Atkinson L., Gonzalez А. Emotion socialization parenting interventions targeting emotional competence in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 2023. Vol. 100, article ID 102252. 15 p. DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102252
15. Emeksiz Z.S., Ertuğrul A., Uygun S.D., Özmen S. Evaluation of emotional, Behavioral, and clinical characteristics of children aged 1—5 with a history of food-related anaphylaxis. Pediatrics & Neonatology. Supplement, 2022. Vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 154—159. DOI:10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.09.001
16. Feldman G., Martin S., Donovan E. Psychological flexibility as a predictor of mental health outcomes in parents of pre-school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-year longitudinal study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2023. Vol. 27, pp. 116—119. DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.002
17. Kirst S., Diehm R., Bögl K., Wilde-Etzold S., Bach C., Noterdaeme M., Poustka L., Ziegler M., Dziobek I. Fostering socio-emotional competencies in children on the autism spectrum using a parent-assisted serious game: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2022. Vol. 152, article ID 104068. 15 p. DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104068
18. Matteucci M.C., Scalone L., Tomasetto C., Cavrini G., Selleri P. Health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing of children with Specific Learning Disorders and their mothers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2019. Vol. 87, pp. 43—53. DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.02.003
19. Cosso J., Russo de Vivo A.R., Hein S., Reales Silvera L.P., Ramirez-Varela L., Ponguta L.A. Impact of a Social-emotional Skills-Building Program (Pisotón) on Early Development of Children in Colombia: A Pilot Effectiveness Study. International Journal of Educational Research, 2022. Vol. 111, article ID 101898. 10 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101898
20. Nono D., Gumisiriza N., Tumwine C., Amaral L.J., Ainamani H.E., Musisi S., Colebunders R. Impact of COVID-19 on the well-being of children with epilepsy including nodding syndrome in Uganda: A qualitative study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2023. Vol. 138, article ID 108992. 7 p. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108992
21. Benita M., Benish-Weisman M., Matos L., Torres C. Integrative and suppressive emotion regulation differentially predict well-being through basic need satisfaction and frustration: A test of three countries. Motivation and Emotion, 2020. Vol. 44, pp. 67—81. DOI:10.1007/s11031-019-09781-x
22. Kelly С., Thornton A., Anthony E.K., Krysik J. “Love. Stability. Boundaries.” Kinship perspectives of social-emotional well-being of youth residing in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 2021. Vol. 127, article ID 106097. 9 p. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106097
23. Liu S., Zalewski M., Lengua L., Gunnar M.R., Giuliani N., Fisher P.A. Material hardship level and unpredictability in relation to U.S. households’ family interactions and emotional well-being: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Science & Medicine, 2022. Vol. 307, article ID 115173. 11 p. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115173
24. Murakami K., Ishikuro M., Obara T. et al. Maternal postnatal bonding disorder and emotional/behavioral problems in preschool children: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2023. Vol. 325, pp. 582—587. DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.044
25. McLean S., Halstead E.J. Resilience and stigma in mothers of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2021. Vol. 108, article ID 103818. 9 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103818
26. Moskowitz J.T., Cheung E.O., Freedman M., Fernando C., Zhang M.W., Huffman J.C., Addington E.L. Measuring Positive Emotion Outcomes in Positive Psychology Interventions: A Literature Review. Emotion review, 2020. Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 60—73. DOI:10.1177/1754073920950811
27. Miyakawa E., Oguchi T. Family tourism improves parents’ well-being and children’s generic skills. Tourism Management, 2022. Vol. 88, article ID 104403. 6 p. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104403
28. Vanaken L., Bijttebier P., Fivush R., Hermans D. Narrative coherence predicts emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal study. Cognition & Emotion, 2022. Vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 70—81. DOI:10.1080/02699931.2021.1902283
29. Wang L., Chen Y., Zhang S., Rozelle S. Paths of social-emotional development before 3 years old and child development after 5 years old: Evidence from rural China. Early Human Development, 2022. Vol. 165, article ID 105539. 11 p. DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105539
30. Widyawati Y., Scholte R.H.J., Kleemans T., Otten R. Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2021. Vol. 112, article ID 103911. 10 p. DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
31. Verheyden С., van Holen F., West D., Vanderfaeilli J. Psychosocial well-being of Flemish foster children residing in their foster homes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Children and Youth Services Review, 2022. Vol. 139, article ID 106535. 9 p. DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106535
32. Fossati M., Negri L., Fianco A., Cocchi M.G., Molteni M., Fave A.D. Resilience as a moderator between Objective and Subjective Burden among parents of children with ADHD. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2020. Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 53—63. DOI:10.1016/j.apnu.2019.11.001
33. Bolbocean C., Rhidenour K., McCormack M., Suter B., Holder J. Resilience, and Positive Parenting in Parents of Children with Autism and Intellectual Disability: Evidence from the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family's Quality of Life and Parent-Child Relationships. Autism Research, 2022. Vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 2381—2398. DOI:10.1002/aur.2825
34. Sarman А., Günay U. The effects of goldfish on anxiety, fear, psychological and emotional well-being of hospitalized children: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2023. Vol. 68, pp. e69—e78. DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2022.11.012
35. Bethell C.D., Garner A.S., Gombojav N., Blackwell C., Heller L., Mendelson T. Social and Relational Health Risks and Common Mental Health Problems Among US Children: The Mitigating Role of Family Resilience and Connection to Promote Positive Socioemotional and School-Related Outcomes. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2022. Vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 45—70. DOI:10.1016/j.chc.2021.08.001
36. Steger A., Evans E., Wee B. Emotional cartography as a window into children's well-being: Visualizing the felt geographies of place, Emotion. Space and Society, 2021. Vol. 39, article ID 100772. 10 p. DOI:10.1016/j.emospa.2021.100772
37. Denston A., Martin R., Fickel L., O'Toole V. Teachers’ perspectives of social-emotional learning: Informing the development of a linguistically and culturally responsive framework for social-emotional wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2022. Vol. 117, article ID 103813. 9 p. DOI:10.1016/j.tate.2022.103813
38. Pickering D., Gill P., Reagon C., Davies J. The authenticity of using visual methods to represent the emotional well-being of children and young people with cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy, 2020. Vol. 107, supplement 1, e71. DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.096
39. Liu P.P., Yin P., Zhu Y.H., Zhang S., Sheng G.M. The Correlation of Family Resilience with Sleep Quality and Depression of Parents of Children with Epilepsy. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2021. Vol. 56, pp. e49—e54. DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.016
40. Dolcos F., Bogdan P.C., O'Brien M., Iordan A.D., Madison A., Buetti S., Lleras A., Dolcos S. The Impact of Focused Attention on Emotional Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Investigation. Emotion, 2022. Vol. 22(5), pp. 1088—1099. DOI:10.1037/emo0000895
41. Arola T., Aulake M., Ott A., Lindholm M., Kouvonen P., Virtanen P., Paloniemi R. The impacts of nature connectedness on children's well-being: Systematic literature review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2023. Vol. 85, article ID 101913. 14 p. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101913
42. McDool E., Powell P., Roberts J., Taylor K. The internet and children’s psychological wellbeing. Journal of Health Economics, 2020. Vol. 69, article ID 102274. 20 p. DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102274
43. Claudet I., Marchand-Tonel C., Kelly-Irving M., Gaudro C.Z., Raynaudn J.P., Delpierre C., Bréhin C. The psychological effects of COVID-19-related containment in children: The E-COCCON French study. Archives de Pédiatrie, 2022. Vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 188—193. DOI:10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.011
44. Usler E., Foti D., Weber C. Emotional reactivity and regulation in 5- to 8-year-old children: An ERP study of own-age face processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2020. Vol. 156, pp. 60—68. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.07.004