Role of Three Years' Crisis in the Cognitive Development of a Preschool Child

The article presents research on connection of three years' crisis and cognitive development of children at preschool age. Research demonstrates that at three years appears a special crisis characteristic – autonomy. At first it appears as spontaneous autonomy and then develops in the form of directed (addressed) autonomy as a goal-oriented activity initiated by the child. The research shows that everyday self-dependency doesn't influence cognitive development, and role of spontaneous autonomy in child's development is limited to the crisis period. Directed (addressed) autonomy is connected to cognitive development throughout the whole preschool period. It was also shown that with advancing age directed (addressed) autonomy differentiates greatly; its different sides develop heterochronically and make different contribution to cognitive development.

1. Bozhovich L. I. Problemy formirovaniya lichnosti // Izbrannye psihologicheskie trudy. M., 1995.
2. Venger A. L. Sootnoshenie vozrastnyh i individual'nyh zakonomernostei psihicheskogo razvitiya rebenka. Dis… dokt. psihol. nauk. M., 2002.
3. Vlasova Z. I. Individual'nye varianty razvitiya samostoyatel'nosti u detei v doshkol'nom vozraste // Psiholog v detskom sadu. 2005. № 4.
4. Vygotsky L. S. Sobranie sochinenii: V 6-ti t. T. 4. Detskaya psihologiya / Pod red. D. B. El'konina. M., 1984.
5. Gus'kova T. V. Lichnostnye obrazovaniya u detei v period krizisa treh let // Voprosy psihologii. 1987. № 5.
6. Diagnostika umstvennogo razvitiya doshkol'nikov / L. A. Venger, V. V. Holmovskaya, O. M. D'yachenko i dr. M., 1978.
7. Matyushkin A. M. Psihologicheskaya struktura, dinamika i razvitie poznavatel'noi aktivnosti // Voprosy psihologii. 1982. № 4.
8. Polivanova K. N. Psihologiya vozrastnyh krizisov. M., 2000.
9. Psihologicheskaya diagnostika / Pod red. K. M. Gurevicha, E. M. Borisovoi. 2-e izd. M., 2000.
10. Psihologicheskoe obsledovanie detei doshkol'nogo – mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta / Pod red. G. V. Burmenskoi. M., 2003.
11. Regush L. A. Praktikum po nablyudeniyu i nablyudatel'nosti. SPb., 2001.
12. Smirnova E. O. Razvitie voli i proizvol'nosti v rannem ontogeneze. // Voprosy psihologii. 1990. № 3.
13. Chuprikova N. I. Princip differenciacii kognitivnyh struktur v umstvennom razvitii, obuchenie i intellekt // Voprosy psihologii. 1990. № 5.
14. El'konin D. B. Izbrannye psihologicheskie trudy. M., 1989.
15. Yurkevich V. S. Razvitie nachal'nyh urovnei poznavatel'noi potrebnosti u shkol'nika // Voprosy psihologii. 1980. № 2.