The Method for Evaluation of Driver’s Risky Traffic Behaviour: Validation in the Russian Sample

Objectives. The purpose of the article is approbation the method for evaluation of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour, its structure and main patterns. Background. Psychological research of risky traffic behaviour of drivers is especially acute. It is a very important to measure and identify the features of the traffic behaviour of drivers as high-risk behaviour. In this context, the study of risky traffic behaviour is of particular interest. Study design. The structure and patterns of risky traffic behavior of three groups of Russian drivers with different driving experience were studied. It was using a special questionnaire for evaluation of patterns of risky traffic behaviour of drivers, which has been implemented in Traffic Offenders Prevention Program in Estonia. The data analysis used comparative, correlation and exploratory factor analysis. Participants. 398 drivers with various driving experience, including: 114 — novice drivers; 80 — taxi drivers; 204 — drivers of commercial transportation. Measurements. The structure of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour was studied using a special questionnaire “Traffic Risk Evaluation Model” (Meinhard G., 2018), that includes AUDIT (Babor T., Hig¬gins-Biddle J., Saunders J., Monteiro, 2010). Results. Data on the structure of drivers risky traffic behaviour was obtained. It was found that this structure includes three main patterns: “Attitudes towards alcohol and drunk driving”, “Proneness to violations of law” and “Evaluation of risks and threats in the course of driving”. Correlations were found between patterns of risky traffic behaviour and road accident rates. Conclusions. The research has shown that the consideration of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour structure can become a promising area of research required in the psychological practice of road crash prevention.

1. Analiticheskii material po sostoyaniyu taksomotornoi otrasli v Rossii s tochki zreniya

bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya [Elektronnyi resurs] [Analytical material on the state of

the taxi industry in Russia in terms of road safety]. Analiticheskii tsentr pri Pravitel’stve Rossiiskoi

Federatsii = Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation. URL: https://ac.gov.

ru/files/content/19540/taksi-avariinost-final-2311-pdf.pdf (Accessed 25.12.2019).

2. Barinova A.N., Plavinskii S.L., Yanchuk Yu.V., Polovinkina T.A. Skrining na priznaki

opasnogo i vrednogo potrebleniya alkogolya u lits, nakhodyashchikhsya v mestakh prinuditel’nogo

soderzhaniya [Screening for signs of dangerous and harmful alcohol consumption of persons who

persons held in prison]. Vestnik Severo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta im.

I.I. Mechnikova = Special issue of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov,

St. Petersburg, 2013, pp. 84—91.

3. Burtsev A.A. Problemy kompleksnoi preventsii upravleniya transportnym sredstvom v

sostoyanii op’yaneniya: organizatsionno-pravovye, meditsinskie i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie

aspekty [Comprehensive prevention issues of impaired driving: organizational, legal, medical and

socio-psychological aspects]. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society,

2018. Vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 98—107. DOI:10.17759/sps.2018090409 (In Russ.).

4. Vsemirnaya Organizatsiya Zdravookhraneniya. Evropeiskoe regional’noe byuro [Elektronnyi

resurs] [World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe]. URL: http://www.euro.who.int/

ru/health-topics/disease-prevention/alcohol-use/do-you-drink-too-much-test-your-own-alcoholconsumption-

with-the-audit-test/take-the-audit-test-now (Accessed 25.12.2019).

5. Efremov S.B. Model’ raspoznavaniya stilisticheskikh osobennostei upravleniya transportnym

sredstvom i klassifikatsiya strategii vzaimodeistviya v usloviyakh dorozhnogo trafika [The model

of recognition of driving styles and classification of traffic interaction strategies]. Sotsial’naya

psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2017. Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 123—133.

DOI:10.17759/sps.2017080409. (In Russ.).

6. Lobanova Yu.I. Stil’ vozhdeniya: opredelyayushchie faktory, kharakteristiki, napravleniya

optimizatsii [Driving style: determining factors, characteristics, directions of optimization].

Rossiiskii gumanitarnyi zhurnal = Russian Humanitarian Journal, 2015. Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 76—84.

7. Meinkhard G., Kaart T., Kochetova T.V. Opyt aprobatsii modeli diagnostiki voditelei,

sklonnykh k riskovannomu vozhdeniyu (estonskaya i rossiiskaya vyborki) [Approbation of the

model for evaluation of drivers prone to risky driving (Estonian and Russian samples)]. Sotsial’naya

psikhologiya i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society, 2018. Vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 119—133.

DOI:10.17759/sps.2018090411. (In Russ.).

8. Polikarpova M.S. Sootnoshenie ponyatii ≪agressivnoe≫ i ≪opasnoe≫ vozhdenie v sovremennoi

otechestvennoi i zarubezhnoi psikhologii [Elektronnyi resurs] [The problem of correlation between

the concepts of “violent” and “dangerous driving” in modern national and foreign psychology].

Sovremennaia zarubezhnaia psikhologiia = Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology, 2017. Vol. 6, no. 1,

pp. 44—52. DOI:10.17759/jmfp.2017060106. (In Russ.).

9. Pravila dorozhnogo dvizheniya RF [Elektronnyi resurs] [Traffic rules in Russian Federation].

URL: https://pdd-russia.com (Accessed 25.12.2019).

10. Svedeniya o pokazatelyakh sostoyaniya bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya RF [Elektronnyi

resurs] [The information on indicators of the State of Road Safety of the Russian Federation]. URL:

http://stat.gibdd.ru (Accessed 25.12.2019).

11. Strategiya bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii na 2018-2024 gody

[Elektronnyi resurs] [The Strategy of Road Safety in the Russian Federation for 2018—2024]. URL:

http://government.ru/docs/31102/ (Accessed 24.12.2019).

12. Babor T., Higgins-Biddle J., Saunders J., Monteiro M. AUDIT. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification

Test. Guideline for Use in Primary Care. Geneva: World Health Organization WHO, 2010. 38 p.

13. Beck L., Ajzen I. Predicting dishonest actions using the theory of planned behavior. Journal of

Research in Personality, 1991. Vol. 25 (3), pp. 285—301.

14. STC Communities That Care [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://www.communitiesthatcare.

net (Accessed 24.12.2019).

15. Gold S., Müller T., Bengler K. Identification of characteristic parameters for the detection of

risky driving behaviour. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Driver Behaviour and

Training 2013. Helsinki, 2013, pp. 28—28.

16. EMCDDA: The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [Elektronnyi

resurs]. URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about (Accessed 25.12.2019).

17. Elliott M.A., Armitage C.J., Baughan C.J. Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict

observed driving behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 2007. Vol. 46, pp. 69—90.

18. Lam L.T. Factors associated with young drivers’ car crash injury: Comparisons among learner,

provisional, and full licensees. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2003. Vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 913—920.

DOI:10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00099-4

19. Ivers R.1., Senserrick T., Boufous S., Stevenson M., Chen H.Y., Woodward M., Norton R.

Novice drivers’ risky driving behavior, risk perception, and crash risk: findings from the DRIVE

study [Elektronnyi resurs]. American Journal of Public Health, 2009. Vol. 99 (9), pp. 1638—1644.

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.150367

20. Meinhard G. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a primary preventive program “Clear Picture…!?”

to increase traffic safety [Elektronnyi resurs]. Transactions on Transport: International Scientific

Journal for Transport Sciences. DOI: 10.5507/tots.2019.004

21. Meinhard G. “Klare Sicht…!?”, Evaluation der Wirksamkeit eines primärpräventiven Programmes

zur Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit [Elektronnyi resurs]. Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität

zu Bonn, 2018. 141 p. URL: http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2019/5589/5589.htm (Accessed 25.12.2019)

22. MTÜ Liikluskäitumise Arenduskeskus [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://jkoolitus.eu/site/

uudised (Accessed 24.12.2019).

23. Paavera M. et al. Preventing risky driving: A novel and efficient brief intervention focusing on

acknowledgement of personal risk factors. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2013. Vol. 50, pp. 430—

437. DOI:10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.019

24. Sharkin B. Road rage: risk factors, assessment, and intervention strategies. Journal of Counseling

& Development, 2004. Vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 191—198. DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00301.x

25. Taubman Or., Yehiel Ben-Ari D. Driving styles and their associations with personality and

motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2012. Vol. 45, pp. 416—422.