Galperin's Scientific Ideas and Their Development within Modern Activity Theory of Learning

Fundamental ideas of Galperin's theory of stage by stage formation of mental actions were extremely important in terms of further development of activity theory of learning. His contribution to the structural analysis of activity cannot be overestimated, and so is the methodological significance of the notion of subject that he introduced. The paper discusses alternatives to the 'orienting basis of action' notion and reveals the ambiguity of the notion of 'orienting part of action'. It also focuses on the perspectives of further systematization of the psychological features of human action and on the possibilities of introducing a special group of the socalled basic features. The paper reveals the content of such characteristics as initiative and operational independence of object specific skill, ways of exercising them, and examines the relationship of these characteristics with actualisation and stability. Special attention is brought to the specifics of the learner's activity on the first, introductory stage of learning: a detailed analysis of this process gives way to an alternative understanding of this activity and enables one to compare it to the views expressed by Piotr Galperin himself.

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