Skip to Main Content

Experimental Psychology (Russia)
2014. Vol. 7, no. 2, 49–63
ISSN: 2072-7593 / 2311-7036 (online)

The problem of similarity assessment in categorization process

935

N.P. Radchikova, E.A. Kishtymova

PDF (RUS)
Online translation in english
GS
Information
in Google Scholar

Abstract

In the article different approaches to the role of similarity in categorization process are considered. The following hypothesis is verified in the series of experiments. If some internal human capacity to determine similarity could be considered as the foundation of categorization process then mental structures obtained from the data in categorization (free sorting) task and in similarity judgment task would be identical. The data received call into question the assumption about similarity judgments as the basis of categorization.

General Information

Keywords: categorization, similarity, surface similarity, characteristic features, defining features

Journal rubric: Cognitive Psychology

Article type: scientific article

For citation: Radchikova N.P., Kishtymova E.A. The problem of similarity assessment in categorization process. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2014. Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 49–63. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Allakhverdov V.M., Gershkovich V.A. Does Consciousness exist? – In What Sense? Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 2010, vol. 44, pp. 340–347.
  2. Allen S.W., Brooks L.R. Specializing the operation of an explicit rule. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1991, vol. 120, pp. 3–19.
  3. Barsalou L.W. Ad hoc categories. Memory & Cognition, 1983, vol. 11, pp. 211–227.
  4. Jones S.S., Smith L.B. The place of perception in children’s concepts. Cognitive Development, 1993, vol. 8, pp. 113–140.
  5. Goldstone R.L. The role of similarity in categorization: providing a groundwork. Cognition, 1994, vol. 52, pp. 125–157.
  6. Goodman N. Problems and projects. Indianapolis, N.Y., Bobbs-Merrill, 1972. 463 p.
  7. Hampton J.A. The Role of Similarity in Natural Categorization. In Hahn U., Ramscar M. (eds.), Similarity and categorization. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 13–28.
  8. Medin D.L., Goldstone R.L., Gentner D. Respects for similarity. Psychological Review, 1993, vol. 100, pp. 254–278.
  9. Minto W. Logic, Inductive and Deductive. London, John Murray. 1983. 376 p. (Russ. ed.: Minto V. Deduktivnaya i induktivnaya logika. Saint-Petersburg, TIT «Kometa» Publ., 1995. 463 p.).
  10. Murphy G.L., Medin D.L. The Role of Theories in Concept Coherence. Psychological Review, 1985, vol. 92, pp. 289–316.
  11. Nosofsky R.M. Exemplar-based approach to relating categorization, identification, and recognition. In Ashby F.G. (ed.), Multidimensional models of perception and cognition. Hillsdale, N.J., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992, pp. 363–393.
  12. Publicly available Object Pictures. International Picture Naming Project. Available at: http://crl.ucsd.edu/experiments/ipnp/method/getpics/getpics.html (Accessed 10.02.2013).
  13. Radchikova N.P., Lobanov A.P. Problemy kategorizatsii v logike i psikhologii: ot Aristotelya do Rosh [Categorization problems in logic and philosophy: from Aristotle to Rosch]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological Journal (Russia)], 2007, vol. 1 (13), pp. 30–35. (In Russian).
  14. Reed S.K. Pattern recognition and categorization. Cognitive Psychology, 1972, vol. 3, pp. 382–407.
  15. Rips L.J. Similarity, typicality and categorization. In Vosniadou S., Ortony A. (eds.), Similarity and analogical reasoning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 21–59.
  16. Rosch E.H. Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1975, vol. 104, pp. 192–233.
  17. Rosch E.H. Principles of categorization. In Rosch E.H., Lloyd B.B. (eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillside, N.J., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978, pp. 27–48.
  18. Sloman S.A., Malt B.C., Shi M. The Relation of Similarity to Naming: Chinese versus American Conceptions of Bottles and Jars. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Hillsdale, N.J., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997, pp. 697–702.
  19. Thibaut J.-P., Dupont M., Anselme P. Dissociations between categorization and similarity judgements as a result of learning feature distributions. Memory & Cognition, 2002, vol. 30 (4), pp. 647–656.
  20. Wittgenstein L. Philosophical investigations. New York, Macmillan, 1973. 250 p.

Information About the Authors

Nataly P. Radchikova, PhD in Psychology, Leading Researcher of Scientific and Practical Center for Comprehensive Support of Psychological Research «PsyDATA», Moscow State University of Psychology & Education, Chief Specialist of the Laboratory of Biophysics of Excitable Media, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino;, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-8288, e-mail: nataly.radchikova@gmail.com

Elizaveta A. Kishtymova, Lecturer, Chair of Methodology and Methods of Psychological Research, Department of Psychology, Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Minsk, Belarus, e-mail: kishtymova@gmail.com

Metrics

Views

Total: 4026
Previous month: 23
Current month: 11

Downloads

Total: 935
Previous month: 2
Current month: 1