Determinants of Discriminatory Attitudes Based on External Signs and Manifestations

213

Abstract

External signs and manifestations of the Other are the most important source of information on the basis of which social and cognitive processes are launched, as a result of which their place in the system of representations of the world is established. Despite the efforts made by the society to eliminate discriminatory attitudes, their number does not decrease. Therefore, the study of the determinants of discriminatory attitudes based on the external manifestations of another does not lose its relevance. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of values and focus on authoritarianism and social dominance in variations of discriminatory attitudes based on external signs and manifestations of Another. The study involved 217 people, average age M = 28.9; SD = 11.2 (men-36%).We used a questionnaire for fixing socio-demographic characteristics, and original scales for evaluating discriminatory attitudes. The expression of values was determined using the Schwartz method (2012). To assess right-wing authoritarianism, which reflects the motivation and attitudes to maintain social cohesion, order, stability, and collective security, a short version of the Dakkit’s questioner developed by D. S. Grigoriev (2017) was used. It is shown that the person’s manifestation that causes the strongest rejection is unusual behavior, as well as emotional manifestations, and the sign of skin color was the least irritating factor. The values of tradition, social security, and reputation contribute to the manifestation of discriminatory attitudes on external grounds, and the values of independence-thoughts, independence-actions, universalism-tolerance, and universalism-concern for nature-undermine them. On the basis of structural modeling, the directions of relations from values to discriminatory attitudes are established directly and indirectly, through an assessment of the rejection of representatives of discriminated groups in various spheres of life and the ideological installation of right-wing authoritarianism.

General Information

Keywords: value, authoritarianism, social dominance, discriminatory attitude, appearance

Journal rubric: Social Psychology

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130412

Funding. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant № 18-013- 00094 A.

For citation: Shamionov R.M. Determinants of Discriminatory Attitudes Based on External Signs and Manifestations. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2020. Vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 163–179. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2020130412. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Alekhina S.V. Inclusive Education: from Policy to Practice. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2016. Vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 136—145. https://doi.org/10.17759/ pse.2016210112 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  2. Bocharova E.E. Structural Peculiarity of Discriminatory Attitudes of the Personality. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N.S.), Ser. Educational Aсmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2019. Vol. 8, no. 2 (30), рр. 146—156. https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2019-8-2-146-156 (In Russ.).
  3. Bzezyan A.A., Gura O.R., Labunskaya V.A. Socialnaya distanciya vo vzaimodejstvii s predstavitelyami etnokulturnyh grupp v zavisimosti ot tipa vneshnego oblika [Social distance in interaction with representatives of ethnocultural groups depending on the type of appearance], Studia Humanitatis. 2018. no. 4, p. 13. (In Russ.).
  4. Etnolukizm: empiricheskaya model i metody issledovaniya [Ethnoluckizm: an empirical model and research methods] / Ed.: V.A. Labunskaya. Rostov of Done: Mini-tip Publishing house, 2018. 258 p. (In Russ.).
  5. Grigoryev D.S. Development of a short version of the dual process model scales: right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, dangerous and competitive worldviews. National Psychological Journal, 2017. no. 4, pp. 30—44. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2017.0403 (In Russ.).
  6. Grigoryev D.S. The discrimination of immigrants in the socioeconomic domain: the role of intergroup attitudes of the mainstream population. Sotsial’naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2017. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 63—84. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2017080306 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  7. Klenova M.A. Ethnic Specifi city of Discriminatory Attitudes. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N. S.), Ser. Educational Aсmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2019. Vol. 8, no. 2 (30), рр. 157—162 DOI: https:// doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2019-8-2-157-162 (In Russ.).
  8. Labunskaya V.A. Attitude to appearance, its value and significance as factors of subjective well-being of young people. Sotsial’naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2019. Vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 51—66. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100304 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  9. Lebedeva N.M., Tatarko A.N., Berri D. Social`no-psixologicheskie osnovy` mul`tikul`turalizma: proverka gipotez o mezhkul`turnom vzaimodejstvii v rossijskom kontekste [Socio-psychological foundations of multiculturalism: testing hypotheses about intercultural interaction in the Russian context]. Psihologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2016. Vol. 37, no. 2. pp. 92—104. (In Russ.).
  10. Pogontseva D.V. Vidy` diskriminacii v sovremennoj social`noj psihologii [Types of discrimination in modern social psychology], Psiholog [Psychologist], 2016. Vol. 5. pp. 1—6. (In Russ.).
  11. Schwartz S., Butenko T.P., Sedova D.S., Lipatova A.S. Utochnennaya teoriya bazovy`x individual`ny`x cennostej: primenenie v Rossii [Refined theory of basic individual values: application in Russia. Psychology]. Psihologiya. Zhurnal Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki [Journal of the Higher school of Economics], 2012. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 43—70. (In Russ.).
  12. Shamionov R.M. Formation of Discriminatory Personal Attitudes in the Process of Socialization. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N.S.), Ser. Educational Aсmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2018. Vol. 7, no. 2 (26), рр. 129—135. https://doi.org/10.18500/2304- 9790-2018-7-2-129-135 (In Russ.).
  13. Shamionov R.M., Grigorieva M.V. Interconnection between Discriminatory Attitudes of an Individual and Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Socio-Political and Socio-Economic Preferences. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N.S.), Ser. Educational Aсmeology. Developmental Psychology, 2018. Vol. 7, no. 4 (28), рр. 327— 332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2018- 7-4-327-332 (In Russ.).
  14. Shamionov R.M., Grigoryeva M.V., Grigoryev A.V. Volitional qualities as predictors of the importance of social activity of students. Sotsial’naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [Social Psychology and Society], 2019. Vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 18—34. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100102 (In Russ.)
  15. Tarasova L.E. Analysis of Discriminatory Attitudes of Students. Izv. Saratov Univ. (N.S.), Ser. Philosophy. Psycho logy. Pedagogy, 2019. Vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 320—325. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819- 7671-2019-19-3-320-325 (In Russ.).
  16. Tatarko A.N. Social Capital and Acculturation Strategies as Factors of Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Migrants from Central and Central Asia in the Moscow Region. Кul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-historical psychology, 2018. Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 33—43. https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2018140204 (In Russ., abstr. in Engl.).
  17. Usova N.V. Coderzhatel`ny`e xarakteristiki diskriminacionny`x ustanovok po vozrastu [Meaningful characteristics of discriminatory attitudes by age], Pisma v Emissiya. Offlajn: elektronny nauchny zhurnal [Letters to the Emissia. Offline: electronic scientific journal]. 2018. Vol. 8. pp. 2643. http://emissia.org/ offline/2018/2643.htm (In Russ.).
  18. Cavico F.J., Muffler S.C., & Mujtaba B.G. Appearance Discrimination, Lookism And Lookphobia In The Workplace. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 2012. Vol. 28 (5), pp. 791—802. https://doi. org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7223
  19. Duckitt J., & Sible C.G. Right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice. European Journal of Personality, 2007. Vol. 21 (2). pp. 113—130. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/per.614
  20. Duckitt J., & Sibley C. G. Personality, ideology, prejudice, and politics: a dual-process motivational model. Journal of Personality, 2010. Vol. 78, pp. 1861—1894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00672.x
  21. Feather N.T., & McKee I.R. Values, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and ambivalent attitudes toward women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2012. no. 42, pp. 2479—2504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00950.x
  22. Fiske S.T., Cuddy A.J., Glick P., Xu J. A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002. Vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 878—902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878
  23. Fiske S.T. Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure. Current directions in psychological science. 2018. Vol. 27 (2), pp. 67—73.
  24. McDonald M.M., Donnellan M.B., Cesario J., & Navarrete C.D. Mate choice preferences in an intergroup context: evidence for a sexual coercion threat-management system among women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 2015. Vol. 36, pp. 438—445. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.04.002.
  25. McDonald M.M., Donnellan M.B., Cesario J., & Navarrete C.D. Mate choice preferences in an intergroup context: evidence for a sexual coercion threat-management system among women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 2015. no. 36, pp. 438—445.
  26. McKee I.R., & Feather N.T. Revenge, retribution, and values: social attitudes and punitive sentencing. Social Justice Research, 2008. Vol. 21, pp. 138—163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-008-0066-z
  27. Pettigrew T.F. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 1988. Vol. 49, pp. 65—85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
  28. Shamionov R.M. Socio-psychological factors of preferences regarding socio-economic and socio-political activity of the Russian provincial youth. Helix, 2019. Vol. 9 (1), pp. 4813—4817. https://doi. org/10.29042/2019-4813-4817
  29. Sinn J. Mapping Ideology: Combining the Schwartz Value Circumplex with Evolutionary Theory to Explain Ideological Differences. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2019. Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 44—57.
  30. Sinn J.S., Hayes M.W. Is political conservatism adaptive? Toward an adaptationist understanding of right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Political Psychology. 2018. Vol. 39 (5), pp. 1123—1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12475.
  31. Sinn J.S., Hayes M.W. Replacing the moral foundations: an evolutionary-coalitional theory of liberal-conservative differences. Political Psychology, 2017. Vol. 38 (6), pp. 1043—1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12361

Information About the Authors

Rail M. Shamionov, Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Head of the Department of Social Psychology of Education and Development, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-597X, e-mail: shamionov@mail.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 493
Previous month: 13
Current month: 1

Downloads

Total: 213
Previous month: 0
Current month: 0