Peculiarities of emotional sphere in orphans: analysis through projective drawing test

The article provides an analysis of the foreign and national literature in the area of formation and functioning of the orphans’ emotional sphere. The specific conditions in which the development of this category of children occurs ("deprivation" and "non-maternal care") are regarded as a determinant of deviation in the emotional status of children brought up in institutions. The article also contains preliminary data of the author's own research, aimed at studying of features of orphans’ emotional sphere with the help of drawing projective techniques, which are further compared to the data obtained in foreign studies.

1. Venger A.L. Psikhologicheskie risunochnye testy: illyustrirovannoe rukovodstvo [Psychological tests picturesque: an illustrated guide]. Moscow: Vlados-press, 2003. 160 p.
2. Egorova M.A. Osobennosti psikhologicheskikh novoobrazovanii podrostkov v shkole internate [Features of psychological neoplasms of teenagers in boarding school]. Defektologiya: Nauchno-metodicheskii zhurnal, 2006. № 1. pp. 25-29.
3. Lisina M.I. Formirovanie lichnosti rebenka v obshchenii [Formation of the personality of the child to communicate]. SPb.: Piter, 2009. 320 p.
4. Mukhina V.S. Vozrastnaya psikhologiya: fenomenologiya razvitiya, detstvo, otrochestvo Uchebnik dlya stud. Vuzov [Psychology: phenomenology of development, childhood, adolescence: the textbook for students]. Moscow: «Akademiya», 2000. 456 p.
5. Prikhozhan A.M., Tolstykh N.N. Psikhologiya sirotstva [Psychology orphanhood]. SPb.: Piter, 2007. 416 p.
6. Bowlby J. Maternal care and mental health. World Health Organization: Monograph Series No. 2. Gen.: Palais des Nations, 1951. P. 180.
7. Crockenberg S. C. How valid are the results of the St. Petersburg–USA orphanage intervention study and what do they mean for the world's children? Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2008. № 73, pp. 263–270. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2008.00496.x.
8. Gunnar M.R., van Dulmen M.H. M., Team I.A.P. Behavior problems in post-institutionalized internationally adopted children. Development and Psychopathology, 2007. no. 19, pp. 129–148.
9. Institutional rearing and psychiatric disorders in Romanian preschool children. Zeanah C. H., [et al.]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2009. Vol. 166, no. 7, pp. 777–785.
10. Juffer F., van IJzendoorn M.H. Behavior problems and mental health referrals of international adoptees: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2005. Vol. 293, no. 20. P. 2501– 2515.
11. Merz E.C., Mccall R.B. Behavior problems in children adopted from psychosocially depriving institutions. // Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2010. Vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 459-70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9383-4.
12. Normality and impairment following profound early institutional deprivation: a longitudinal follow-up into early adolescence / Kreppner J.M., [et al.]. Developmental Psychology, 2007. Vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 931– 946.
13. Sonuga-Barke E.J., Schlotz W., Kreppner J.V. Differentiating developmental trajectories for conduct, emotion, and peer problems following early deprivation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2010. Vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 102-124. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2010.00552.x.
14. Spitz R.A. Hospitalism: A follow-up report. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. Vol. 2. N.Y.: International Universities Press. 1946.Teresa A.O. The use of drawings to facilitate interviews with orphaned children in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. South African Journal of Education, 2012. Vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 428-440.
15. The delayed onset of emotional difficulties following severe early deprivation: findings from the ERA study. Colvert, E. [et al.]. Development and Psychopathology, 2008. Vol, 20, pp. 547–567.
16. Theoretical, empirical, and practical rationale // Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 2008. Vol. 73, pp. 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2008.00483.x.
17. Tizard B., Hodges J. The effect of early institutional rearing on the development of eight-year-old children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1974. Vol. 19, pp. 99-118.