Cosmatesque matrix: syntax of style in Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome

Cosmatesque style mosaic is not only the decorative ornament that has decorated medieval temples; it is the developed symbolical system, which represents religious concepts and ideas of a universe structure. Cosmatesque structure includes hierarchy of levels that is similar to phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels of language in its functions. Figures of this style can be include in composition, structurally and functionally corresponding to the sentences and texts developing in a narrative. This article to analyse Cosmatesque syntax and interpretation of concepts of craftsmen Cosmati, on the example of Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. The author of this article assumes that the basilica floor represents the Christological cycle made of plots of the New Testament. Nevertheless, as at that time there was a ban on images of the Scripture Christological cycle is presented by symbolical design of craftsmen Cosmati.

1. Barabanov A.A. CHelovek i arhitektura: semantika otnoshenij. Ekaterinburg : Arhitekton, 1999.
2. Vaneyan S.S. Arhitektura i ikonografiya. «Telo simvola» v zerkale klassicheskoj metodologii. M. : Progress-Tradiciya, 2010
3. Galkova I.G. Cerkvi i vsadniki. Romanskie hramy Puatu i ih zakazchiki. M. : Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2015.
4. Golubcov A. Sobornye chinovniki i osobennosti sluzhby po nim. M. : Tipografiya SHtaba Moskovskogo voennogo okruga, 1907.
5. Demus O. Mozaiki vizantijskih hramov. Principy monumental'nogo iskusstva Vizantii / Per. s angl. EH. S. Smirnovoj, red. i sost. A. S. Preobrazhenskij. M. : Indrik, 2001.
6. Evtusheno G. Hram Svyatoj Sofii v Konstantinopole. SPb : Satis", 2008.
7. Zel'dmajr Hans. Vozniknovenie sobora// Hram zemnoj i nebesnyj. Vyp. 2, M. : Progress-tradiciya, 2009.
8. Lyubker F. Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej. M. : Direktmedia Pablishing, 2007. 1 ehlektron. opt. disk (CD-ROM).
9. Maknamara D.R. Kak chitat' cerkvi: intensivnyj kurs po hristianskoj arhitekture. M. : RIPOL klassik, 2011.
10. Mal' EH. Religioznoe iskusstvo XIII veka vo Francii. M. : Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy, 2008. S. 47.
11. Menninger K. Istoriya cifr. CHisla, simvoly, slova / per. c angl. E. V. Lomanovoj. M. : ZAO Centrpoligraf, 2011.
12. Morris CH. Znachenie i oznachivanie. Znaki i dejstviya // Semiotika. M. : Raduga, 1983. S. 118–132.
13. Podosinov A. Simvoly chetyrekh evangelistov, ih proiskhozhdenie i znachenie. M. : YAzyki russkoj kul'tury, 2000.
14. Rajs D.T. Vizantijcy. Nasledniki Rima. M. : Centrpoligraf, 2009.
15. Smirnova I. Tajnaya istoriya kresta. M. : EHKSMO, 2006.
16. Toporov V.N. Krest // Mify narodov mira. T. 2. M. : Sovetskaya EHnciklopediya, 1992. S. 12–14.
17. Toporov V.N. K proiskhozhdeniyu nekotoryh poehticheskih simvolov. Paleoliticheskaya ehpoha // Rannie formy iskusstva. M. : Iskusstvo, 1972. S. 77–105.
18. Foss'e R. Lyudi srednevekov'ya. SPb : EVRAZIYA, 2014.
19. Tsykunov I.V. Rozhdenie stilya kosmatesko: Vizantiya, Drevnyaya Rus' i Srednevekovaya Italiya // YAzyk i tekst langpsy.ru. 2015. Tom 2. № 4. doi: 10.17759/langt.2015020411. URL: https://psyjournals.ru/langpsy/2015/n4/Tsykunov.shtml (data 2.03.2016).
20. Tsykunov I.V. Kod stilya kosmatesko: raspoznavanie smyslov [Ehlektronnyj resurs] // YAzyk i tekst. 2016. Tom 3. № 2. S. 91–118. doi:10.17759/langt.2016030210 (data 8.07.2016).
21. Tsykunov I.V. Molitva v kamne: simvoly kosmatesko v bazilike Santa-Mariya-Madzhore v Rime [Ehlektronnyj resurs] // YAzyk i tekst. 2016. Tom 3. № 3. S. 31–72. doi:10.17759/langt.2016030305
22. Shtoff V.A. Modelirovanie i filosofiya. M. : Nauka, 1966.
23. Ehko U. O chleneniyah kinematograficheskogo koda // Stroenie fil'ma. M. : Raduga, 1984. S. 79–101.
24. Ehko U. Otsutstvuyushchaya struktura. Vvedenie v semiologiyu. SPb : Petropolis, 1998.
25. Freke T., Gandy P. The Jesus Mysteries. Was the “Original Jesus” a Pagan God? London : Thorsons, 1999.
26. Gibson C. Leggere I simboli. I simboli nell’arte e il loro significato. Modena : Logos, 2011–2013.
27. Hutton E. The Cosmati. The roman marble workers of the XIIth and XIIIth centuries. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul ltd, 1950.
28. Ditchfield P.H. The Cathedrals of Great Britain. The history and architecture. London : J. M. Dent & company, 1902.
29. Rodwell W. The Archeology of Churches. Stroud : Tempus Publishing Ltd., 2005.
30. Severino N. I segreti dei Pavimenti cosmateschi: Le guide marmoree policrome originali // Collana Studies on Cosmatesque Pavements, № 8, agosto, 2015.
31. Stickler A.M., Boyle L.E., de Nicolo P. Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana. Firenze : Nardini Editore – Centro Internazionale del Libro, 1985.
32. Taylor R. How to Read a Church. A guide to images, symbols and meanings in churches and cathedrals. London : Rider, 2003.
33. Toman Rolf. Romanesque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting. Potsdam : h.f. ulmann publishing GmbH, 2015.
34. URL: http://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/sm_maggiore/index_fr.html#_=_ (data 24.02.2016).
35. URL:http://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/sm_maggiore/vr_tour/Media/VR/St_Mary_Nave1/index.html (data 24.02.2016).
36. URL: http://www.mun.ca/rabanus/text.html (data 28.02.2016).
37. URL: http://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Maksim_Ispovednik/mistagogiya/  (data 28.03.2016).
38. URL: http://antology.rchgi.spb.ru/Rabanus_Maurus/maurus_7.htm (data 25.03.2016).