The Orienting Basis of Reading as Action

The author addresses the problem of reading skills development and makes an attempt to describe the orienting basis of reading action development, basing on the analysis of objective action structure. The author argues that there is a distinction between the oral and writing speech units in the theory and practice of reading action development. It is stated that only the units of a language's graphic system, being used in a certain context in accordance with the graphical principles of a language, can act as the orienting basis of reading. The article shows the difference in the phonology and graphics of Russian and German languages. In Russian, the orienting basis of reading stands upon the principles of Russian graphics, such as phonemic positional, syllabic positional, and phonemic principles. The exact definition of Russian graphical principles is a complete orienting basis of reading action, yet it is underrepresented in contemporary ABC books and first reading textbooks.

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