Gender Features of Bullying in Adolescence

The article presents the results of an empirical study of gender characteristics of bullying in adolescence. The study involved 69 adolescents of schools in the city of Tula and the Tula region, aged 13-14 years. The analysis of foreign and Russian psychological studies on the problem of school bullying made it possible to identify the following gender characteristics of bullying in adolescence: forms of bullying are different in boys and girls; in teenage boys, bullying is more related to power struggles; as for teenage girls, bullying is more psychologized and emotionally destructive. To establish the closeness of the relationship between the indicators “gender / type of behaviour in conflict” and “gender / type of aggression”, statistical data processing was performed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Pearson’s Chi-squared (х2) test and Cramér’s V coefficient. The obtained empirical data allowed us to identify “risk groups” in the experimental sample and to outline the areas of focus for school psychologists to prevent the risks of school bullying.

1. Alekseeva L.S.Zhestokoe obrashchenie s det’mi: ego posledstviya i predotvrashchenie [Child abuse: its effects and prevention].Moscow: Publ.National book center «September», 2016.180 p.
2. Berdyshev I.S.Lekarstvo protiv nenavisti [Hate medicine].Pervoe sentyabrya [First of September], 2005, no.18, p.3.
3. Bochaver A.A., Khlomov K.D.Bulling kak ob’ekt issledovaniya i kul’turnyi fenomen [Bulling as an object of research and a cultural phenomenon].Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki [Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics], 2013.V.10, no.3, pp. 149—159.
4. Glazman O.L.Psikhologicheskie osobennosti uchastnikov bullinga [Psychological features of the participants of the bullying] Izvestiya Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni A.I. Gertsena [News of the Russian State A.I. Herzen Pedagogical University], 2009, no.105, pp. 159—165.
5. Grebenkin E.V.Profilaktika agressii i nasiliya v shkole [Preventing aggression and violence at school].Rostov-on-Don: Publ.Phoenix, 2013.157 p.
6. Krivtsova S.V.Bulling v shkole VS splochennost’ neravnodushnykh.Organizatsionnaya kul’tura OU dlya resheniya problem distsipliny i protivostoyaniya nasiliyu [Bulling at school VS cohesion caring.Organizational culture of OU for solving problems of discipline and opposition to violence].Moscow: Publ.Norma, 2011.95 p.
7. Krivtsova S.V., Shapkina A.N., Belevich A.A.Bulling v shkolakh mira: Avstriya, Germaniya, Rossiya [Bulling in world schools: Austria, Germany, Russia].Obrazovatel’naya politika [Educational policy], 2016, no. 3 (73), pp.97—119.
8. Kutuzova D.A.Travlya v shkole: chto eto takoe i chto mozhno s etim delat’ [Harassment at school: what is it and what can you do about it].Psikhologiya i shkola [Psychology and school], 2006, no.4, pp.54—72.
9. Kutuzova D.A.Travlya v shkole.Mify i real’nost’.[Elektronnyi resurs].[Bullying at school.Myths and Reality], 2011.Available at: http://medportal.ru/ budzdorova/child/625/ (Accessed: 20.03.2019).
10. Lein D.Shkol’naya travlya (bulling).Detskayai i podrostkovaya psikhoterapiya [School baiting (bullying).Child and adolescent psychotherapy].Lein D., Miller A.(eds.).Saint-Petersburg: Publ.Piter, 2001, pp. 240— 274.
11. Petrosyants V.A.Psikhologicheskaya kharakteristika starsheklassnikov, uchastnikov bullinga v obrazovatel’noi srede [Elektronnyi resurs].[Psychological characteristics of high school students, participants of bullying in the educational environment].Emissiya. Elektronnyi i nauchnyi zhurnal [Emission. Electronic Scientific Journal], 2010.Available at: http:// www.emissia.org/offline/2010/1479.htm (Accessed: 19.02.2019).
12. Sobkin V.S., Markina O.S.Vliyanie opyta perezhivanii «shkol’noi travli» na ponimanie podrostkami fil’ma «Chuchelo» [Influence of the experience of “school bullying” on the teenagers’ understanding of the film “Effigy”].Vestnik prakticheskoi psikhologii obrazovaniya [Bulletin of practical psychology of education], 2009, no. 1, pp.48—57.
13. Sobkin V.S., Smyslova M.M.Bulling v stenakh shkoly: vliyanie sotsiokul’turnogo konteksta (po materialam krosskul’turnogo issledovaniya) [Bullying at school: the impact of sociopcultural context (based on crosspcultural research)].Sotsial’naia psikhologiia i obshchestvo [ Social Psychology and Society], 2014.Vol.5, no.2, pp.71—86.(In Russ., аbstr.in Engl.)
14. Tarasova C.U., Osnitsky A.K., Enikolopov S.N.The organizational model of psychosocial support of substitute families [Elektronnyi resurs].Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie PSYEDU. ru [ Psychological Science and Education PSYEDU. ru], 2016.Vol.8, no.4, pp.102—116 doi: 10.17759/ psyedu.2016080411.(In Russ., abstr.in Engl.)
15. Arora С.M.J.Measuring bullying with the «Life in School» checklist.Pastoral Care in Education, 1994, no. 12, pp.11—15.
16. Olweus D. Aggression in the schools.Bullies and whipping boys.Washington: Publ.Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1978.
17. Оlwеus D.Aggressors and their victims: bullying at school.Disruptive behaviours in schools.In H.Gault (ed.).New York: Publ.Wiley, 1984, pp.57—76.
18. Olweus D., Catalano R., Jungertas J., Slee P., Smith P.K.The nature of school bullying: a crossnational perspective.London, UK: Publ.Routledge, 1999, pp. 141—145.
19. Roffey S.Addressing bully in schools: organizational factors from policy to practice.Educational and Child Psychology, 2000, no.17 (1), pp.6—19.
20. Schäfer M.Gruppenzwang als Ursache für Bullying? Report Psychologie, 1998, pp.914—927.