The Influence of the Type of Educational Environment on Preschool Children's Mental Development

The article is devoted to the study of the developing potential of educational environments and their impact on the formation of personality in the modern educational space. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of the types of educational environment, it is concluded that in the structural plan the educational environment of preschool childhood is a system of interconnected components, the main components include object-spatial, socio-psychological, cognitive-active, communicative and subjective components. Based on cluster analysis, four distinctive modern types of educational environment with various capabilities are identified and the author's typology of educational environments in the system of preschool education is proposed, depending on the severity of each component. The tendencies to the conjugation of the quality parameters of the educational environment (according to the ECERS-R scales) and the personal characteristics of children, as well as significant differences in the subjective characteristics and initiative of preschoolers in different learning environments have been identified. The efficiency and feasibility of using the cluster analysis method in the study of the qualitative characteristics of the educational environment and their developing potential is shown. Empirical data were obtained on the basis of 16 preschool educational organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan, on a sample of subjects in 876 people (50 teachers, 413 preschool children and 413 parents (mothers) of preschool children).

1. Almazova O.V., Belolutskaya A.K., Bukhalenkova D.A., Veraksa A.N., Gavrilova M.N. Obrazovatel'naya sreda i emotsional'no-lichnostnoe razvitie doshkol'nikov [Educational environment and emotional and personal development of preschoolers]. Voprosy psikhologii = Psychology issues, 2019, no. 1, pp. 1–12. (In Russ.).
2. Asmolov A.G. Kul'turnyi gen svyazi vremen [Cultural gene for the connection of times]. Obrazovatel'naya politika = Educational policy, 2012, no. 5(61), pp. 2–5. (In Russ.).
3. Bayanova L.Ph., Shishova E.O. Bilingual Education: The Model of Measuring Quality of Bilingual Learning Environment in Early Childhood. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2019. Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 37–49. DOI:10.17759/pse.2019240204 (In Russ.).
4. Belolutskaya A.K., Veraksa A.N., Almazova O.V., Bukhalenkova D.A., Gavrilova M.N., ShiyanI.B. Association between Educational Environment in Kindergarten and Executive Functions in Preschool Age. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2018. Vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 85–96. DOI:10.17759/pse.2018230608 (In Russ.).
5. Veraksa N.E., Veraksa A.N. Proektnaya deyatel'nost' doshkol'nikov [Design activities of preschoolers]. Posobie dlya pedagogov doshkol'nykh uchrezhdenii = A manual for teachers of preschool institutions. Moscow: Mozaika – Sintez, 2008. 108 p. (In Russ.).
6. Veraksa N.E. Child Development: Two Paradigms. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2018. Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 102–108. DOI:10.17759/chp.2018140211 (In Russ.).
7. Gavrilova M.N., Veraksa A.N., Bukhalenkova D.A. Svyaz' kachestva obrazovatel'noi sredy doshkol'nogo uchrezhdeniya i psikhicheskogo razvitiya rebenka: teoreticheskii obzor [The relationship between the quality of the educational environment of a preschool institution and the mental development of a child: a theoretical overview]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Tomsk State University Bulletin, 2018, no. 433, pp. 135–145. (In Russ.).
8. Evenko S.L. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie tipy obrazovatel'noi sredy rossiiskikh vuzov [Socio-psychological types of educational environment of Russian universities]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologicheskie nauki = Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. Series: Psychological Sciences, 2011, no. 3, pp. 45–48. (In Russ.).
9. Evtikhov O.V. Tipy obrazovatel'nykh sred v sovremennom obrazovanii [Types of educational environments in modern education]. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial'nykh problem (elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal) = Modern studies of social problems (electronic scientific journal)], 2014, no. 4.(36). Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tipy-obrazovatelnyh-sred-v-sovremennom-obrazovanii (Accessed 29.10.2018). (In Russ.).
10. Karpov V.A., Yasvin V.A. V poiskakh vykhoda iz shkol'nykh labirintov. Razvitie shkol'nykh obrazovatel'nykh sistem: innovatsionnyi setevoi proekt [In search of a way out of school mazes. The development of school educational systems: an innovative network project]. Moscow: Publ. MC EPOS, 2003. 33 p. (In Russ.).
11. Kommunikativno-orientirovannye obrazovatel'nye sredy. Psikhologiya proektirovaniya [Communicatively-oriented educational environments. Design Psychology]. In Rubtsov B.B. (ed.). Moscow: Publ. Ven-Mer, 1996. 157 p. (In Russ.).
12. Korotkova N.A., Nezhnov P.G. Nablyudenie za razvitiem detei v doshkol'nykh gruppakh: posobie dlya doshkol'nykh pedagogov i psikhologov [Monitoring the development of children in preschool groups: a manual for preschool teachers and psychologists]. Moscow, 2002. 43 p. (In Russ.).
13. Kudryavtseva O.V. Metodika issledovaniya sub"ektnosti rebenka v doshkol'nom vozraste [A methodology for studying the subjectivity of a child in preschool age]. Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie i pravovye issledovaniya = Bulletin of the Tyumen State University. Socio-economic and legal studie, 2006, no. 1. Available at: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metodika-issledovaniya-subektnosti-rebenka-v-doshkolnom-vozraste (Accessed 26.12.2017). (In Russ.).
14. Laktionova E.B. Psikhologicheskaya ekspertiza obrazovatel'noi sredy: Avtoref. diss. …doktora psikhol. nauk [Psychological examination of the educational environment. PhD (Psychology) Thesis]. Saint-Petersburg, 2013. 53 p. (In Russ.).
15. Lykova I.A., Sinitsina I.A. Podderzhka individual'nosti rebenka v variativnoi obrazovatel'noi srede [Supporting a child's individuality in a variable educational environment]. Problemy sovremennogo obrazovaniya = Problems of modern education, 2018, no. 6. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/podderzhka-individualnosti-rebenka-v-variativnoy-obrazovatelnoy-srede (Accessed: 09.11.2020). (In Russ.).
16. Panov V.I. Psikhodidaktika obrazovatel'nykh sistem: teoriya i praktika [Psychodidactics of educational systems: theory and practice]. Saint-Petersburg: Publ. Peter, 2007. 352 p. (In Russ.).
17. Psikhologiya lichnosti: uchebnoe posobie [Psychology of personality: a training manual]. In Ermakova P.E., Labunskoi V.A. Moscow: Publ. Eksmo, 2013. 653 p. (In Russ.).
18. Remorenko I.M., Shiyan O.A., Shiyan I.B., Shmis T.G., Levan T.N., Koz’mina Ya.Ya., Sivak E.V. Klyuchevye problemy realizatsii FGOS DO po itogam issledovaniya s ispol’zovaniem «Shkal dlya kompleksnoi otsenki kachestva obrazovaniya v DOO (ECERS-R)»: «Moskva-36» [Key problems of implementation of the GEF TO the study using “Scales for comprehensive assessment of the quality of education in kindergartens (ECERS-R)”: “Moscow-36»]. Sovremennoe doshkol’noe obrazovanie: teoriya i praktika = Modern preschool education: theory and practice, 2017, no. 2, pp. 16–31. (In Russ.).
19. Rubtsov V.V., Ivoshina T.G. Proektirovanie razvivayushchei obrazovatel'noi sredy shkoly [Designing the educational environment of the school]. Moscow: Publ. MGPPU, 2002. 272 p. (In Russ.).
20. Slobodchikov V.I. O ponyatii obrazovatel'noi sredy v kontseptsii razvivayushchego obrazovaniya [On the concept of the educational environment in the concept of developing education]. Vtoraya Rossiiskaya konferentsiya po ekologicheskoi psikhologii: tezisy dokladov [Second Russian Conference on Environmental Psychology: abstracts]. Moscow, 2000, pp. 172–176. (In Russ.).
21. Smirnova E.O., Soldatova I.S. Features of the Initiative of Modern Preschoolers. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya = Psychological-Educational Studies, 2019. Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 12–26. DOI:10.17759/psyedu.2019110102 (In Russ.)
22. Smirnova E.O. Spetsifika sovremennogo doshkol'nogo detstva [Specificity of modern preschool childhood]. Natsional'nyi psikhologicheskii zhurnal = National psychological journal, 2019, no. 2(34), pp. 25–32. DOI:10.11621/npj.2019.0207 (In Russ.).
23. Sobkin V.S., Lykova T.A. To the Issue of Psychological Features of the Actor's Personality Development: the Experience of Typological Analysis. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2019. Vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 129–146. DOI:10.17759/cpp.2019270209 (In Russ.).
24. Sosnova I.V. Social Conditions of Development as a Determinant of Pupils' Attitude towards School. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education, 2007. Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 69–76. (In Russ.)
25. Tarasov S.V. Obrazovatel'naya sreda: ponyatie, struktura, tipologiya [Educational environment: concept, structure, typology]. Vestnik LGU im. A.S. Pushkina = Bulletin of Leningrad State University A.S. Pushkin, 2011. Vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 133–138. (In Russ.).
26. Tkachenko N.N. Tipologiya obrazovatel'nykh sred v sovremennoi pedagogicheskoi psikhologii [Typology of educational environments in modern educational psychology]. Saratovskii universitet. Strakhovskie Chteniya = Saratov University. Strakhovskiye Readings, 2018. Vol. 26, pp. 319–324. (In Russ.).
27. Ulanovskaya I.M. Chto takoe obrazovatel'naya sreda shkoly i kak ee vyyavit'? [What is the educational environment of the school and how to identify it?]. Voprosy psikhologii = Issues of psychology, 1998, no. 6, pp. 18–24. (In Russ.).
28. Filippov V.B. Vospitanie i obrazovanie matematika [Parenting and education mathematics]. Matematika v obrazovanii i vospitanii = Mathematics in education and training. Moscow: Publ. FAZIS, 2000, pp. 228–245. (In Russ.).
29. Kharms T., Richard M. Klifford, Krayer D.M. Shkaly dlya kompleksnoi otsenki kachestva obrazovaniya v doshkol’nykh obrazovatel’nykh organizatsiyakh. ECERS-R: pererabotannoe izdanie [Scales for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of education in preschool educational institutions.ECERS-R: revised edition]. Moscow: Publ. «Natsional’noe obrazovanie», 2016. 136 p. (In Russ.).
30. Shishova E.O. Vzaimosvyaz' kachestva obrazovatel'noi sredy i sub"ektno-lichnostnykh kharakteristik doshkol'nika [The impact of an educational environment’s quality on personality development in early preschool]. Sovremennoe doshkol'noe obrazovanie. Teoriya i praktika = Modern preschool education. Theory and practice, 2017, no. 10, pp. 50–59. (In Russ.).
31. Shiyan O.A., Vorob'eva E.V. Novye vozmozhnosti otsenki kachestva obrazovaniya: shkaly ECERS-R aprobirovany v Rossii [New possibilities for assessing the quality of education: the ECERS-R scales have been tested in Russia]. SDO, 2015, no. 7(59). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novye-vozmozhnosti-otsenki-kachestva-obrazovaniya-shkaly-ecers-r-aprobirovany-v-rossii (Accessed: 09.02.2019). (In Russ.).
32. Shreiber T.V. Rol' razlichnykh tipov obrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdenii v formirovanii individual'no-psikhologicheskikh osobennostei starsheklassnikov [The role of various types of educational institutions in the formation of individual psychological characteristics of high school students]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika» = Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy», 2008, no. 2, pp. 41–55. (In Russ.).
33. Yasvin V.A. Obrazovatel'naya sreda: ot modelirovaniya k proektirovaniyu [Educational environment: from modeling to design]. Moscow: Publ. Sense, 2001. 287 p. (In Russ.).
34. Gabdulchakov V.F., Shishova E.O. Educating Teachers for a Multicultural School Environment. Intercultural Communication: Strategies, Challenges and Research. Monograph. Chapter 1. Nova Science Publishers. Hauppauge, NY, United States, 2017, pp. 1–41.
35. Cassidy D.J., Hestenes L.L., Hegde A., Hestenes S., Mims S. Measurement of quality in preschool child care classrooms: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2005, pp. 345–360.
36. Harms T., Clifford R.M., Cryer D. Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS-R) Revised Edition, 2005.