Features of attention and memory in adolescents with chronic kidney disease studying at a hospital school

Context and relevance. Chronic kidney disease in adolescents is not only a medical problem, but also a significant psychological and education issue, as this disease in its terminal stage affects the development of cognitive functions in children and adolescents. This is primarily due to the impaired metabolic processes caused by uremic intoxication, as well as chronic stress, which leads to disruptions in the functioning of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (important structures responsible for cognitive functions). Objective. To identify the characteristics of attention and memory in adolescents with chronic kidney disease based on a comparative analysis of the indicators in a group of adolescents with this disease and a group of healthy peers (the control group). Hypothesis. Adolescents with chronic kidney disease demonstrate lower levels of auditory‑verbal and visual memory, as well as voluntary attention, compared to their healthy peers. Methods and materials. The study involved 45 adolescents (M = 14, SD = 1,86, 69% male). Diagnostic tools: the “10 Words” Learning Test (A.R. Luria), the “6 Figures” Test, the Schulte Tables, and the Munsterberg test. The study aimed to assess the volume of short-term and long-term auditory and visual memory, as well as concentration, stability, and switching of attention. Results. Compared to healthy peers, adolescents with chronic kidney disease showed lower scores on the attention and memory measures examined. Conclusions. The findings confirm the need for psychological and educational support for adolescents with chronic kidney disease in hospital-school settings, as well as the development of special remedial and developmental programs aimed at supporting the cognitive development of this category of students.

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