Peculiarities of Personal Constructs in Professionals of Extreme Spheres of Activity (with Officers of the Ministries of Emergency Situations and Internal Affairs as an Example)

226

Abstract

The article presents the results of an empirical study of personality traits of officers of the Ministries of Emergency Situations and Internal Affairs. The study is aimed at revealing specific combinations of personality traits - personality constructs characterizing specialists of different extreme occupations. 80 individuals took part in the research work. The pronouncedness of personality traits in the officers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) was compared using the following techniques and methodologies: S.Maddy Hardiness Survey; Holmes-Rahe Stress and Social Adjustment Scale; Method for Diagnosing of Emotional Burnout Levels by V.V. Boyko; California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The MIA officers have been found to have more pronounced personality traits such as vitality and hardiness (according to the S. Maddy Survey), social presence, independence, responsibility, socialization, making a good impression, "ordinary guy" impression, feeling of well-being, achievement through subordination, intellectual effectiveness, manliness (according to CPI). The comparison of the factor structures revealed invariant (with significant factor loading in both groups) and variable (with significant factor loading in one group) elements. The following personality constructs have been identified in the personality structure of the MIA officers: transactional leadership, strategy of variational adjustment in situations of uncertainty, strategy of taking responsibility under the given conditions, personal and social normativity. The following personality constructs have been identified in the personality structure of the MES officers: role-related masculinity, role-related empathy, strategy of volitional control in situations of uncertainty, strategy of variational adjustment under the given conditions.

General Information

Keywords: personality profile, extreme activity, officers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Journal rubric: Psychology of Professional Activity

Article type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110201

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of the basic part Of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 17.7255.2017/8.9

For citation: Glukhova V.A., Maltseva A.S. Peculiarities of Personal Constructs in Professionals of Extreme Spheres of Activity (with Officers of the Ministries of Emergency Situations and Internal Affairs as an Example) [Elektronnyi resurs]. Psikhologiya i pravo = Psychology and Law, 2021. Vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 2–16. DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2021110201. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.)

References

  1. Agapitova Ye.S., Levina N.A. Psikhologicheskie resursy zhiznestoikosti i problema preduprezhdeniya emotsional'nogo vygoraniya u sotrudnikov MChS [Psychological resources of vitality and the problem of the prevention of emotional burning out at the staff of the ministry of Ministry of Emergency Situations]. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie yavleniya i protsessy [Social-Economic Phenomena and Processes], 2012, no. 7—8, pp. 238—243. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  2. Anikeeva N.V. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti stanovleniya volevoi regulyatsii v protsesse sluzhebnoi deyatel'nosti sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del. Diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Psychological features of the formation of volitional regulation in the course of official activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Ph. D. (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2017. 194 p. (In Russ.).
  3. Anikeeva N.V., Parshutin I.A. Issledovanie volevoi sfery lichnosti kursantov, obuchayushchikhsya v obrazovatel'nykh organizatsiyakh MVD Rossii otkrytogo i zakrytogo tipov [The study of volitional sphere of the personality of cadets, students in the educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia open and closed types]. Psikhologiia i pravo [Psychology and Law], 2018. Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 142—154. DOI:10.17759/psylaw.2018080413. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  4. Dekkert D.V. Osobennosti formirovaniya professional'noi kul'tury sotrudnikov GPS MChS Rossii [Features of the formation of professional culture of employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University Bulletin]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 48—56. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  5. Dmitrieva M.G. Osobennosti professional'no vazhnykh kachestv sotrudnikov FSIN Rossii. [Features of professionally important qualities of the staff of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia]. Vestnik ChGPU [Bulletin of the CSPU]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 100—105. (In Russ.).
  6. Dmitrieva Yu.A., Gryazeva-dobshinskaya V.G. Struktura liderstva menedzherov: rezul'taty empiricheskogo issledovaniya [structure leadership of managers: results of empirical research]. Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya: Psikhologiya [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series “Psychology”]. 2014, no. 4, pp. 5—12. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  7. Konopleva I.N., Kalyagin Yu.S. Samoregulyatsiya psikhicheskikh sostoyanii kak element psikhologicheskoi gotovnosti k deyatel'nosti v ekstremal'nykh usloviyakh [Self-regulation of psychic conditions as an element of psychological readiness to act in extreme conditions]. Psikhologiya i pravo [Psychology and Law]. 2011. Vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 99—109. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  8. Meshkova N.V., et al. Lichnostnye osobennosti i antisotsial'naya kreativnost' na primere kadetov i sotrudnikov MVD [Personal features and malevolent creativity on the example of cadets and policemen]. Psikhologiya i pravo [Psychology and Law]. 2018. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 83—96. DOI:10.17759/psylaw.2018080306. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  9. Metkin M.V., Moskalenko G.V. Komponenty psikhologicheskoi struktury zhiznestoikosti sotrudnikov MChS Rossii, rabotayushchikh v ekstremal'nykh usloviyakh [components of the psychological structure of hardness in employees of EMERCOM of Russiaworking in extreme conditions]. Uchenye zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta psikhologii i sotsial'noi raboty [Scientific notes journal of St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work]. 2019. Vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 42—48. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  10. Molchanova L.N., Red'kin A.I. Zhiznestoikost' kak determinanta sostoyaniya psikhicheskogo vygoraniya u spasatelei MChS [Resilience as a determinant of the state of mental burnout among the rescuers EMERCOM of Russia]. Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovaniya [Perspectives of Science and Education]. 2014, no.1 (7), pp. 216—223. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  11. Nasledov A. IBM Statistics 20 i AMOS: professional'nyi statisticheskii analiz dannykh [IBM Statistics 20 and AMOS: Professional Statistical Data Analysis]. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2013. 416 p. (In Russ.).
  12. Osipov A.V. Professional'no vazhnye kachestva sotrudnikov pozharno-spasatel'nykh formirovanii na raznykh etapakh professional'nogo stanovleniya. Avtoref. diss. kand. psikhol. nauk. [Professionally important qualities of employees of fire and rescue units at different stages of professional development. Ph. D. (Psychology) Thesis]. Rostov-on-Don, 2009. 24 p. (In Russ.).
  13. Kabanova T.N., et. al. Osobennosti samoregulyatsii u spetsialistov ekstremal'nogo profilya professional'noi deyatel'nosti [Peculiarities of self-regulation of extreme profile specialists]. Psikhologiya i pravo [Psychology and Law]. 2017. Vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 89—105. DOI:10.17759/psylaw.2017070108. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  14. Psikhologiya chrezvychainykh situatsii: ucheb. posobie dlya studentov vuzov [Psychology of emergency situations: textbook. manual for university students]. In P.S. Gurevich (eds.). Moscow: YuNITI-DANA, 2007. 495 p. (In Russ.).
  15. Rogachev V.A., Konopleva I.N. Tolerantnost' k neopredelennosti i vybor kopingstrategii u sotrudnikov pravookhranitel'nykh organov [Tolerance to uncertainty and the choice of coping strategies in law enforcement]. Psikhologiya i pravo [Psychology and Law]. 2017, no. 4, pp. 106—126. DOI:10.17759/psylaw.2017070409. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  16. Rodin V.F. Samoregulyatsiya psikhicheskikh sostoyaniĭ sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del [Self-regulation of mental condition of employees of internal affairs]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Vestnik of Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia], 2019, no. 3, pp. 271—275. DOI: 10.24411/2073-0454-2019-10180 (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  17. Rusaev E.S. Psikhologiya cheloveka v chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh [Human psychology in emergency situations]. Ufa: GU MChS Rossii po Respublike Bashkortostan, 2003. 183 p. (In Russ.).
  18. Rybnikov V.Yu., Ashanina E.N. Psikhologicheskii stress i problema tolerantnosti sotrudnikov GPS MChS Rossii [Psychological stress and problem of tolerance of the state fire department staff of the Russian Federation Ministry of Emergencies]. Vestnik psikhoterapii [Bulletin of psychotherapy]. 2007, no. 24 (29), pp. 155—157. (In Russ.).
  19. Smirnova N.N., Solov'ev A.G. Struktura stressoustoichivosti sotrudnikov politsii [Structure of stress resistance of police officers]. Zhurnal mediko-biologicheskikh issledovanii [Journal of Medical and Biological Research]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 75—81. (In Russ.).
  20. Tsvetkova N.A., Kulakova S.V. Issledovanie stressoustoichivosti i zhiznestoikosti sotrudnikov ugolovno-ispolnitel'noi sistemy [Study of Stress Tolerance and Resilience of Employees of Penal System]. Psikhologiya i pravo. [Psychology and Law], 2019. Vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 112—129. DOI:10.17759/psylaw.2019090208. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  21. Shevchenko T.I., Makarova N.V., Bokhan T.G. Stressoustoichivost' spetsialistov opasnykh professii MChS Rossii [Stress tolerance of Russia’s EMERCOM employers engaged in hazardous occupations]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal]. 2013, no. 369, pp. 164—167. (In Russ., аbstr. in Engl.).
  22. Abrahamsen S., Strype J. (2010). Are they all the same? Norwegian police officers' personality characteristics and tactics of conflict resolution. Policing and Society. Vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 99—123. DOI: 10.1080/10439460903377303.
  23. Akca D. (2017). The theoretical and methodological problems in the usage of police personality measurement to predict job performance. Psychreg Journal of Psychology. Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1. 76—86.
  24. Black J. (2000). Personality Testing and Police Selection: Utility of the 'Big Five'. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. Vol. 29, pp. 2—9.
  25. Christopher M.S., Hunsinger M., Goerling Lt.R.J., Bowen S., Rogers B.S., Gross C.R., Dapolonia E., Pruessner J.C. (2018) Mindfulness-based resilience training to reduce health risk, stress reactivity, and aggression among law enforcement officers: A feasibility and preliminary efficacy trial. Psychiatry Research. Vol. 264. pp. 104—115. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.059.
  26. Detrick P., Chibnall J.T. (2013). Revised NEO Personality Inventory Normative Data for Police Officer Selection. Psychological services. Vol. 10 (4), pp. 372—377. DOI:10.1037/a0031800.
  27. Florian V., Mikulincer M., Taubman O. (1995) Does hardiness contribute to mental health during a stressful real-life situation? Journal of personality and social psychology. Vol. 68. pp. 687—695.
  28. Forero C.G., Gallardo-Pujol D., Maydeu-Olivares A., Andrés-Pueyo A. (2009). A longitudinal model for predicting performance of police officers using personality and hehavioral data. Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 36 no. 6, pp. 591—606.
  29. Garbarino S., Chiorri C., Magnavita N., Piattino S., Cuomo G. (2012). Personality Profiles of Special Force Police Officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. Vol. 27. pp. 99—110. DOI: 10.1007/s11896-011-9099-6.
  30. Huang J., Wang X., Li W., An Y. (2019) The relationship between conscientiousness and posttraumatic stress disorder among young Chinese firefighters: The mediating effect of perceived social support. Psychiatry Research. Vol. 273. pp. 450—455. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.053.
  31. Twersky-Glasner A. (2005). Police personality: What is it and why are they like that? Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. Vol. 20. pp. 56—67. DOI: 10.1007/BF02806707.
  32. Van der Werff S.J.A., Elzinga B.M., Smit A.S., van der Wee N.J.A. (2017) Structural brain correlates of resilience to traumatic stress in Dutch police officers. Psychoneuroendocrinology. Vol. 85. pp. 172—178. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.019
  33. Wills J., Schuldberg D. (2016). Chronic Trauma Effects on Personality Traits in Police Officers. Journal of Traumatic Stress. Vol. 29. DOI: 10.1002/jts.22089.

Information About the Authors

Vera A. Glukhova, PhD in Psychology, Senior Researcher at the Psychology and Psychophysiology of Stress Resistance and Creativity Laboratory, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-0302, e-mail: glukhovava@susu.ru

Alisa S. Maltseva, PhD in Psychology, Assistant Professor at the Department of Management and Law Enforcement Activities, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-9843, e-mail: maltsevaas@susu.ru

Metrics

Views

Total: 1083
Previous month: 33
Current month: 15

Downloads

Total: 226
Previous month: 6
Current month: 2